Phased Arrays in Radar and Communication Systems. Pattern Characteristics and Synthesis of Linear and Planar Arrays. Patterns of Nonplanar Arrays. Elements, Transmission Lines, and Feed Architectures for Phased Arrays. Summary of Element Pattern and Mutual Impedance Effects. Array Error Effects. Special Array Feeds for Limited Field of View and Wideband Arrays.

Phased Array Antenna Handbook

A number of representative techniques for analyzing frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), which comprise periodic arrays of patches or apertures in a conducting screen and find important applications as filters in microwaves and optics, are discussed. The basic properties of the FSSs are reviewed and several different approaches to predicting their frequency-response characteristics are described. Some recent developments in the treatment of truncated, curved, and doubly periodic screens are mentioned and representative experimental results are included. >

Techniques for analyzing frequency selective surfaces-a review

The theory and recent applications of waves in periodic structures are reviewed. Both the Floquet and coupled waves approach are analyzed in some detail. The theoretical part of the paper includes wave propagation in unbounded and bounded active or passive periodic media, wave scatterring from periodic boundaries, source radiation (dipole, Cerenkov, transition, and Smith-Purcell) in-periodic media, and pulse transmission through a periodic slab. The applications part covers the recent development in a variety of fields: distributed feedback oscillators, filters, mode convertors, couplers, second-harmonic generators, deflectors, modulators and transducers in the fields of integrated optics and integrated surface acoustics. We also review the work on insect compound eyes, mehanical structures ocean waves, pulse compressions, temperature waves, and cholestric liquid crystals. Particles interaction with crystals is briefly reviewed, especially in the case of zeolite crystals and supelattices. Recent advances in fabrication techniques for very fine gratings me also covered. Finally, speculations about future problems and development in the field of waves in periodic structures are given.

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Waves in active and passive periodic structures: A review

The multiband properties of self-similar fractals can be advantageously exploited to design multiband frequency selective surfaces (FSS). A Sierpinski dipole FSS has been analyzed and measured and the results show an interesting dual-band behavior. Furthermore a near-field measurement technique is applied to characterize the FSS response to different angles of incidence. Finally, it is shown that it is possible to tune the FSS response by properly perturbating the geometry of the Sierpinski dipole.

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Fractal FSS: a novel dual-band frequency selective surface

This review of array antennas highlights those elements of theory and hardware that are a part of the present rapid technological growth. The growth and change in array antennas include increased emphasis on "special-purpose" array techniques such as conformal and printed circuit arrays, wide angle scanning arrays, techniques for limited sector coverage, and antennas with dramatically increased pattern control features such as low sidelobe, adaptively controlled patterns. These new topics have substantially replaced large radar arrays in the literature and constitute a major change in the technology. The paper presents a tutorial review of theoretical developments emphasizing techniques appropriate to finite arrays, but indicating parallel developments in infinite array theory, which has become the useful tool for analysis of large arrays. A brief review of the theory of ideal arrays is followed by a generalized formulation of array theory including mutual coupling effects, and is appropriate to finite or infinite arrays of arbitrary wire elements or apertures in the presence of a conducting ground screen. Some results of array tolerance theory are summarized from the literature and retained as reference throughout discussions of array component requirements and device tolerance for low sidelobe arrays. Examples from present technology include conformal and hemispherical coverage arrays, lightweight printed circuit arrays, systems for use with reflectors and lenses in limited sector coverage applications, and wide-band array techniques.

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Phased array theory and technology

The solution to the problem of scattering of a plane wave by an infinite periodic array of thin conductors on a dielectric slab is formulated in this paper. Numerical results are given as well as a comparison of this theory with experimental data.

Scattering by an infinite periodic array of thin conductors on a dielectric sheet

An analysis of the scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip disks is made using a Galerkin solution of a vector integral equation. The solution is examined for convergence and compared with theory and experiment. The solution is used to minimize the loss and maximize the bandwidth of the element in a reflectarray configuration.

Scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip elements

The mutual coupling solution of dual and quad ridged waveguide is described for an infinite array environment. The method of analysis is the numerical solution of integral equations for both the eigen solution and the boundary matching problem. In addition to numerical results, comparison of theory with waveguide simulator measurements is also given.

J. Montgomery

Papers

Scattering by an infinite periodic array of thin conductors on a dielectric sheet

Scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip elements

Ridged waveguide phased array elements