IEEE C95.1-1991 gives recommendations to prevent harmful effects in human beings exposed to electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. The recommendations are intended to apply to exposures in controlled, as well as uncontrolled, environments. They are not intended to apply to the purposeful exposure of patients under the direction of practitioners of the healing arts. The induced and contact current limits of IEEE C95.1-1991 are modified in this edition. In addition, field strengths below which induced and contact currents do not have to be measured are specified, spatial averaging and measurement distance requirements are clarified, and more precise definitions for averaging volume and radiated power are provided.

IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3kHz to 300 GHz

Fear is now widely regarded as an undesirable state of suffering by many members of the public, the scientific community, welfare and policy groups, as well as by a growing number of farmers. At fi...

Fear and adaptability in poultry: insights, implications and imperatives

The newly released IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 defines exposure criteria and associated limits for the protection of persons against established adverse health effects from exposures to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The exposure limits apply to persons permitted in restricted environments and to the general public in unrestricted environments. These limits are not intended to apply to the exposure of patients by or under the direction of physicians and care professionals, as well as to the exposure of informed volunteers in scientific research studies, or to the use of medical devices or implants. IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 can be obtained at no cost from the IEEE Get Program https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8859679.

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Synopsis of IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz”

Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32°C)

Oxidative rancidity represents one of the major causes of deterioration in food for human consumption. Besides producing unpleasant odours, it is responsible for losses in flavour, texture, consist...

Antioxidants: their effects on broiler oxidative stress and its meat oxidative stability

All species of poultry are capable of AA synthesis and dietary supplementation with AA is not necessary when the animal is managed properly. However, when the birds are subjected to stressful condi...

Ascorbic Acid in Poultry: a Review

Influence of Supplemental Ascorbic Acid on Broiler Performance Following Exposure to High Environmental Temperature

Growth, Efficiency, and Livability of Newly Hatched Broilers as Influenced by Hydration and Intake of Sucrose

An economical vitamin B-6-deficient ration that was palatable to broiler chickens was prepared and fed to 1-day-old chicks. The experimental ration was a typical soy-glucose ration. Vitamin B-6 was removed by washing the soybean meal with water. Microbiological analysis revealed that the washed ration contained 0.45 mg vitamin B-6 per kilogram. Experimental rations were formulated to contain 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg supplemental pyridoxine x HCl per kilogram of ration. These supplemental levels produced the following total pyridoxine concentrations in the diet: 0.95, 1.48 and 3.18 mg pyridoxine x HCl activity per kilogram of diet. Chicks were grown to 7 weeks of age and characteristic vitamin B-6 deficiency signs were quantitated and/or observed. Notable signs in chicks receiving 0.5 mg added vitamin B-6 were increased mortality, decreased body weight gain and increased incidence of abnormal leg conformation. The humoral immune system of broiler chicks that were moderately deficient in vitamin B-6 was investigated. Marginal pyridoxine deficiency caused significant reduction in antibody levels to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and relative levels of IgM and IgG during the peak and degradation phases of the primary response. During the hyperimmune response total anti-SRBC levels were not affected; however, relative levels of IgM and IgG were lowered.

Humoral immunity in chicks experiencing marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency.

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were exposed continuously to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis. The incident power density was 5 mW/cm2, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) was 4.03 mW/g. At 23 weeks of age an assessment of the reproductive capacity of the males was performed. Spermatozoal numbers and motility in semen samples which were collected manually were reduced significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01). However, spermatozoal viability and gross morphological characteristics in the exposed birds were not consistently different from the controls. Relative testicular weights were not altered significantly in the exposed males. Percentage of fertile eggs was significantly reduced when exposed males were mated to sham control females. The percentage of fertile eggs obtained from mating exposed males with sham control females was 72.5%, while the percentage of fertile eggs from mating of sham control males with sham control females was 80.4%. These data indicate that reproductive capacity in male Japanese quail is reduced when the birds are exposed to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during embryogenesis.

J. Paul Thaxton

Papers

Ascorbic Acid in Poultry: a Review

Influence of Supplemental Ascorbic Acid on Broiler Performance Following Exposure to High Environmental Temperature

Growth, Efficiency, and Livability of Newly Hatched Broilers as Influenced by Hydration and Intake of Sucrose

Humoral immunity in chicks experiencing marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency.

Reproduction in Male Japanese Quail Exposed to Microwave Radiation during Embryogeny