For generations, humans have fantasized about the ability to create devices that can see into a persons mind and thoughts, or to communicate and interact with machines through thought alone. Such ideas have long captured the imagination of humankind in the form of ancient myths and modern science fiction stories. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience and brain imaging technologies have started to turn these myths into a reality, and are providing us with the ability to interface directly with the human brain. This ability is made possible through the use of sensors that monitor physical processes within the brain which correspond with certain forms of thought. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Applying our Minds to Human-Computer Interaction broadly surveys research in the Brain-Computer Interface domain. More specifically, each chapter articulates some of the challenges and opportunities for using brain sensing in Human-Computer Interaction work, as well as applying Human-Computer Interaction solutions to brain sensing work. For researchers with little or no expertise in neuroscience or brain sensing, the book provides background information to equip them to not only appreciate the state-of-the-art, but also ideally to engage in novel research. For expert Brain-Computer Interface researchers, the book introduces ideas that can help in the quest to interpret intentional brain control and develop the ultimate input device. It challenges researchers to further explore passive brain sensing to evaluate interfaces and feed into adaptive computing systems. Most importantly, the book will connect multiple communities allowing research to leverage their work and expertise and blaze into the future.

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Brain-Computer Interfaces: Applying our Minds to Human-Computer Interaction

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) combine methods, approaches, and concepts derived from neurophysiology, computer science, and engineering in an effort to establish real-time bidirectional links bet...

Brain-Machine Interfaces: From Basic Science to Neuroprostheses and Neurorehabilitation

A motor imagery-based online interactive brain-controlled switch: Paradigm development and preliminary test

Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury in varying animal models and humans.

Brain-computer Interfaces (BCIs) have been studied for nearly thirty years, with the primary motivation of providing assistive technologies for people with very severe motor disabilities. The slow speeds, high error rate, susceptibility to artifact, and complexity of BCI systems have been challenges for implementing workable real-world systems. However, recent advances in computing and bio-sensing technologies have improved the outlook for BCI applications, making them promising not only as assistive technologies but also for mainstream applications. This chapter presents a survey of applications for BCI systems, both historical and recent, in order to characterize the broad range of possibilities for neural control.

Applications for Brain-Computer Interfaces

The aim of this study was to restore the grasp function of a tetraplegic patient with a C5 spinal cord injury (SCI) by means of functional electrical stimulation (FES) Using three pairs of surface electrodes and orthotic wrist stabilisation a simple palmar grasp was realised The FES was controlled with a switch mounted on a wheelchair or-for the first time-with an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) Application of this stimulation system enabled the patient to drink for the first time after the accident from a glass without any additional help

[Functional electrical stimulation instead of surgery? Improvement of grasping function with FES in a patient with C5 tetraplegia]

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit war es, bei einem Patienten mit kompletter C5-Tetraplegie die Greiffunktion mittels funktioneller Elektrostimulation (FES) wiederherzustellen. Mit 3 Paar Oberflächenelektroden und einer orthetischen Handgelenkstabilisierung konnte ein einfacher Spitzgriff realisiert werden.Die FES wurde entweder mit einem Schalter am Rollstuhl oder erstmalig mit einem EEG-basierten Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) gesteuert. Mit dem Einsatz dieses Stimulationsystems war es unserem Patienten zum 1. Mal nach dem Unfall möglich, selbständig und ohne fremde Hilfe aus einem Glas zu trinken.AbstractThe aim of this study was to restore the grasp function of a tetraplegic patient with a C5 spinal cord injury (SCI) by means of functional electrical stimulation (FES). Using three pairs of surface electrodes and orthotic wrist stabilisation a simple palmar grasp was realised.The FES was controlled with a switch mounted on a wheelchair or—for the first time—with an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI). Application of this stimulation system enabled the patient to drink for the first time after the accident from a glass without any additional help.

Funktionelle Elektrostimulation anstatt Operation?: Verbesserung der Greiffunktion mittels FES bei einem Patienten mit Tetraplegie C5

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, bei einem Patienten mit kompletter C5-Tetraplegie die Greiffunktion mittels funktioneller Elektrostimulation (FES) wiederherzustellen. Mit 3 Paar Oberflachenelektroden und einer orthetischen Handgelenkstabilisierung konnte ein einfacher Spitzgriff realisiert werden. Die FES wurde entweder mit einem Schalter am Rollstuhl oder erstmalig mit einem EEG-basierten Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) gesteuert. Mit dem Einsatz dieses Stimulationsystems war es unserem Patienten zum 1. Mal nach dem Unfall moglich, selbstandig und ohne fremde Hilfe aus einem Glas zu trinken.

J. Pfurtscheller

Papers

[Functional electrical stimulation instead of surgery? Improvement of grasping function with FES in a patient with C5 tetraplegia]

Funktionelle Elektrostimulation anstatt Operation?: Verbesserung der Greiffunktion mittels FES bei einem Patienten mit Tetraplegie C5

Funktionelle Elektrostimulation anstatt Operation