다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed mostly of organic ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations. This review covers the newest aspects of ionic liquids in applications where their ion conductivity is exploited; as electrochemical solvents for metal/semiconductor electrodeposition, and as batteries and fuel cells where conventional media, organic solvents (in batteries) or water (in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells), fail. Biology and biomimetic processes in ionic liquids are also discussed. In these decidedly different materials, some enzymes show activity that is not exhibited in more traditional systems, creating huge potential for bioinspired catalysis and biofuel cells. Our goal in this review is to survey the recent key developments and issues within ionic-liquid research in these areas. As well as informing materials scientists, we hope to generate interest in the wider community and encourage others to make use of ionic liquids in tackling scientific challenges.

Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future.

Conventionally, engineers have employed rigid materials to fabricate precise, predictable robotic systems, which are easily modelled as rigid members connected at discrete joints. Natural systems, however, often match or exceed the performance of robotic systems with deformable bodies. Cephalopods, for example, achieve amazing feats of manipulation and locomotion without a skeleton; even vertebrates such as humans achieve dynamic gaits by storing elastic energy in their compliant bones and soft tissues. Inspired by nature, engineers have begun to explore the design and control of soft-bodied robots composed of compliant materials. This Review discusses recent developments in the emerging field of soft robotics.

/pdf/design-fabrication-and-control-of-soft-robots-51z07seyl1.pdf

Design, fabrication and control of soft robots

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

As a major human sensory function, the implementation of the tactile sensation for the human-machine interface has been one of the core research interests for long time. In this paper, an innovative tactile display device based on the soft actuator technology is presented. Using electroactive polymer for the construction of the tactile display device, it can provide stimulation on the human skin without any additional electromechanical transmission. Softness and flexibility of the device structure, ease of fabrication, possibility for miniaturization, and low cost for mass production are the representative benefits of the presented device. Especially, the device application is open to many different purposes since the flexible structure offers the excellent adaptability to any contour of the human body. To prove its feasibility, a wearable device that can fit to the distal part of the human finger is presented and its performance is evaluated, experimentally.

Development of Soft-Actuator-Based Wearable Tactile Display

The annelid provides a biological solution of effective locomotion adaptable to a large variety of unstructured environmental conditions. The undulated locomotion of the segmented body in the annelid is characterized by the combination of individual motion of the muscles distributed along the body, which has been of keen interest in biomimetic investigation. In this paper, we present an annelid-like robot driven by soft actuators based on dielectric elastomer. To mimic the unique motion of the annelid, a novel actuation method employing dielectric elastomer is developed. By using the actuator, a three-degree-of-freedom actuator module is presented, which can provide up-down translational motion, and two rotational degree-of-freedom motion. The proposed actuation method provides advantageous features of reduction in size, fast response and ruggedness in operation. By serially connecting the actuator modules, a micro-robot mimicking the motion of the annelid is developed and its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/2/2/S05/pdf

Artificial annelid robot driven by soft actuators

Various functional materials, such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers were coated on polymer microspheres finding various uses in electronic and biomedical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that single graphene oxide (GO) sheets could be easily wrapped on amine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA-ed) microspheres (∼2.5 μm in diameter) to form a PGMA-ed/GO core-shell structure with a thickness of ca. 50 nm. Subsequently, the synthesized GO-skin microspheres were consolidated by heating them to 60 °C to form a robust self-standing paper through the formation of electrostatic and van der Waals attractive forces between the very large surfaces of the GO, together with the formation of hydrogen bonding during the dewatering and drying processes, where the GO skins are interconnected to provide an electrical path and mechanical skeletal structure. When a stabilized GO dispersion was added to the PGMA-ed microspheres, the GO sheets were uniformly self-assembled on the PGMA-ed microsphere surfaces, seemingly through dipole–dipole interactions and amine–epoxide chemical reactions. This approach provides a simple route for the large volume production of PGMA-ed/GO core-shell microspheres and large-sized self-standing paper that may find various uses in optoelectronic device materials and porous membrane applications.

Graphene oxide porous paper from amine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide core-shell microspheres

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is finely regulated via a complex genetic regulatory network incorporating both developmental and environmental factors. In an effort to identify negative regulators of leaf senescence, we screened activation-tagged Arabidopsis lines for mutants that exhibit a delayed leaf senescence phenotype. One of the mutants (ore7-1D) showed a highly significant delay of leaf senescence in the heterozygous state, leading to at least a twofold increase in leaf longevity. The activated gene (ORE7/ESC) encoded a protein with an AT-hook DNA-binding motif; such proteins are known to co-regulate transcription of genes through modification of chromatin architecture. We showed that ORE7/ESC, in addition to binding to a plant AT-rich DNA fragment, could also modify the chromatin architecture, as illustrated by an altered distribution of a histone-GFP fusion protein in the nucleus of the mutant. Globally altered gene expression, shown by microarray analysis, also indicated that activation of ORE7/ESC results in a younger condition in the mutant leaves. We propose that ectopically expressed ORE7/ESC is negatively regulating leaf senescence and suggest that the resulting chromatin alteration may have a role in controlling leaf longevity. Interestingly, activation of ORE7/ESC also led to a highly extended post-harvest storage life.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03317.x

Overexpression of a chromatin architecture-controlling AT-hook protein extends leaf longevity and increases the post-harvest storage life of plants.

A new biomimetic linear actuator named Antagonistically Driven Linear Actuator (ANTLA) that could be directly employed in both macro and microscale of robotic applications is introduced in the present work. The presented actuator provides cost effectiveness and simple fabrication process thanks to its plain construction. In addition to producing basic bidirectional rectilinear motions, the actuator is able to modulate its compliance that might be one of the critical elements of the actuator functionality for the biomimetic applications. For the test, the proposed actuator concept is fabricated and assembled in a microscale robot that generates annelid motion.

Ja Choon Koo

Papers

Development of Soft-Actuator-Based Wearable Tactile Display

Artificial annelid robot driven by soft actuators

Graphene oxide porous paper from amine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide core-shell microspheres

Overexpression of a chromatin architecture-controlling AT-hook protein extends leaf longevity and increases the post-harvest storage life of plants.

Biomimetic soft actuator: design, modeling, control, and applications