다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed mostly of organic ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations. This review covers the newest aspects of ionic liquids in applications where their ion conductivity is exploited; as electrochemical solvents for metal/semiconductor electrodeposition, and as batteries and fuel cells where conventional media, organic solvents (in batteries) or water (in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells), fail. Biology and biomimetic processes in ionic liquids are also discussed. In these decidedly different materials, some enzymes show activity that is not exhibited in more traditional systems, creating huge potential for bioinspired catalysis and biofuel cells. Our goal in this review is to survey the recent key developments and issues within ionic-liquid research in these areas. As well as informing materials scientists, we hope to generate interest in the wider community and encourage others to make use of ionic liquids in tackling scientific challenges.

Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future.

Conventionally, engineers have employed rigid materials to fabricate precise, predictable robotic systems, which are easily modelled as rigid members connected at discrete joints. Natural systems, however, often match or exceed the performance of robotic systems with deformable bodies. Cephalopods, for example, achieve amazing feats of manipulation and locomotion without a skeleton; even vertebrates such as humans achieve dynamic gaits by storing elastic energy in their compliant bones and soft tissues. Inspired by nature, engineers have begun to explore the design and control of soft-bodied robots composed of compliant materials. This Review discusses recent developments in the emerging field of soft robotics.

/pdf/design-fabrication-and-control-of-soft-robots-51z07seyl1.pdf

Design, fabrication and control of soft robots

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

highly conductive, printable and stretchable hybrid composites composed of micrometre-sized silver flakes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with self-assembled silver nanoparticles. The nanotubes were used as one-dimensional, flexible and conductive scaffolds to construct effective electrical networks among the silver flakes. The nanocomposites, which included polyvinylidenefluoride copolymer, were created with a hot-rolling technique, and the maximum conductivities of the hybrid silver–nanotube composites were 5,710 S cm 21 at 0% strain and 20 S cm 21 at 140% strain, at which point the film ruptured. Three-dimensional percolation theory reveals that Poisson’s ratio for the composite is a key parameter in determining how the conductivity changes upon stretching. Useful combinations of conductivity and stretchability have been observed in vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) forest/polyurethane films (� 0.5–1 S cm 21 at 0% strain and electrical resistance increased upon stretching 12 ) and in textiles

Highly conductive, printable and stretchable composite films of carbon nanotubes and silver

Pipelines for the urban gas-supply system require a robot possessing outstanding mobility and advanced control algorithms, since they are configured with various pipeline elements, such as straight pipelines, elbows, and branches. We present a comprehensive work for moving inside underground urban gas pipelines with a miniature differential-drive in-pipe robot, called the Multifunctional Robot for IN-pipe inSPECTion (MRINSPECT) IV. MRINSPECT IV has been developed for the inspection of urban gas pipelines with a nominal 4-in inside diameter. The mechanism for steering with differential-drive wheels, arranged three-dimensionally, allows it to easily adapt to most of the existing configurations of pipelines, as well as providing excellent mobility during navigation. After carrying out analysis for fittings in pipelines, mathematical descriptions of their geometries are presented, which make it possible to estimate the movement patterns of the robot while passing through the fittings. Also, we propose a method of controlling the robot by modulating speeds of driving wheels that is applicable without sophisticated sensory information. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are performed, and supplementary considerations on the design of the in-pipe robot are discussed.

Differential-drive in-pipe robot for moving inside urban gas pipelines

As a major human sensory function, the implementation of the tactile sensation for the human-machine interface has been one of the core research interests for long time. In this paper, an innovative tactile display device based on the soft actuator technology is presented. Using electroactive polymer for the construction of the tactile display device, it can provide stimulation on the human skin without any additional electromechanical transmission. Softness and flexibility of the device structure, ease of fabrication, possibility for miniaturization, and low cost for mass production are the representative benefits of the presented device. Especially, the device application is open to many different purposes since the flexible structure offers the excellent adaptability to any contour of the human body. To prove its feasibility, a wearable device that can fit to the distal part of the human finger is presented and its performance is evaluated, experimentally.

Development of Soft-Actuator-Based Wearable Tactile Display

A novel self-sensing method based on the dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator/sensor, was successfully developed and evaluated in order to extract accurate displacement information during the actuation process without using any additional sensing device. The proposed self-sensing method is based on a capacitance characteristic of a DE actuator. The DE actuator with a serial external resistor can serve as an electrical high-pass filter. The voltage gained using the high-pass filter, which is virtually built by the DE, varies due to the change of overall capacitance when the DE actuator is expanded electro-mechanically. To realize actuating and sensing simultaneously with a DE actuator, we used a modulation technique to mix signals, which have a low frequency signal for actuating and a high frequency with small amplitude for sensing. Several experiments were performed to verify the usability of the proposed self-sensing method. The results showed a fine resolution and an excellent correlation with the displacements measured by a laser displacement sensor.

A self-sensing dielectric elastomer actuator

The annelid provides a biological solution of effective locomotion adaptable to a large variety of unstructured environmental conditions. The undulated locomotion of the segmented body in the annelid is characterized by the combination of individual motion of the muscles distributed along the body, which has been of keen interest in biomimetic investigation. In this paper, we present an annelid-like robot driven by soft actuators based on dielectric elastomer. To mimic the unique motion of the annelid, a novel actuation method employing dielectric elastomer is developed. By using the actuator, a three-degree-of-freedom actuator module is presented, which can provide up-down translational motion, and two rotational degree-of-freedom motion. The proposed actuation method provides advantageous features of reduction in size, fast response and ruggedness in operation. By serially connecting the actuator modules, a micro-robot mimicking the motion of the annelid is developed and its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/2/2/S05/pdf

Hyouk Ryeol Choi

Papers

Highly conductive, printable and stretchable composite films of carbon nanotubes and silver

Differential-drive in-pipe robot for moving inside urban gas pipelines

Development of Soft-Actuator-Based Wearable Tactile Display

A self-sensing dielectric elastomer actuator

Artificial annelid robot driven by soft actuators