Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

Lost in the translation.

The literature on mass communication is now dominated by \"objective sociological \"approaches. What makes the work of Stephenson so unusual is his starting points: his frank willingness to adopt a \"subjective \"and \"psychological \"approach to the study of mass communication. In short, this is an internal analysis of how communication processes are absorbed by individuals. The theory of play is not a doctrine of frivolity, but rather a way in which Stephenson gets at such sensitive areas of communication theory as what is screened out and why. Without a notion of the play element in communication one would be led to imagine that every televised docudrama would be immediately lived out by every adolescent. Clearly, this is not the case. People can distinguish quite well between imaginary and real events in mass communication contexts. \"The Play Theory of Mass Communication \"is a work that studies subjective play, how communication serves the cause of self-enhancement and personal pleasure, and the role of entertainment as an end in itself. In short, for those who are tired of cliche-ridden volumes on the political hidden messages and meanings of communication, or the economic management of media decisions, this volume will come as a refreshment, a piece of entertainment as well as instruction. But with all the emphasis \"on \"aspects, Stephenson's volume is shrewdly political. He takes up themes ranging from the reduction! of international tensions to the happily alienated worker to such pedestrian events as the reporting of foreign Soviet dignitaries in their visits to democratic cultures. This is, in short, an urbane, wise book--sophisticated in its methodology and critical in its theorizing.

The Play Theory of Mass Communication

*Correspondence Traore, Issa, ECE Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Email: itraore@ece.uvic.ca In recent years, deceptive content such as fake news and fake reviews, also known as opinion spams, have increasingly become a dangerous prospect for online users. Fake reviews have affected consumers and stores alike. Furthermore, the problem of fake news has gained attention in 2016, especially in the aftermath of the last U.S. presidential elections. Fake reviews and fake news are a closely related phenomenon as both consist of writing and spreading false information or beliefs. The opinion spam problem was formulated for the first time a few years ago, but it has quickly become a growing research area due to the abundance of user-generated content. It is now easy for anyone to either write fake reviews or write fake news on the web. The biggest challenge is the lack of an efficient way to tell the difference between a real review and a fake one; even humans are often unable to tell the difference. In this paper, we introduce a new n-gram model to detect automatically fake contents with a particular focus on fake reviews and fake news. We study and compare 2 different features extraction techniques and 6 machine learning classification techniques. Experimental evaluation using existing public datasets and a newly introduced fake news dataset indicate very encouraging and improved performances compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/spy2.9

Detecting opinion spams and fake news using text classification

https://industrialecologyateur.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/jclpro-2011-boons-spekkink-mouzakitis-repub.pdf

The dynamics of industrial symbiosis: A proposal for a conceptual framework based upon a comprehensive literature review

Information Filtering systems learn user preferences either through explicit or implicit feedback. However, requiring users to explicitly rate items as part of the interface interaction can place a large burden on the user. Implicit feedback removes the burden of explicit user ratings by transparently monitoring user behavior such as time spent reading, mouse movements and scrolling behavior. Previous research has shown that task may have an impact on the effectiveness of some implicit measures. In this work we report both qualitative and quantitative results of an initial study examining the relationship between user time spent reading and relevance for three web search tasks: relevance judgment, simple question answering and complex question answering. This study indicates that the usefulness of time spent as a measure of user interest is related to task and is more useful for more complex web search tasks. Future directions for this research are presented.

/pdf/effect-of-task-on-time-spent-reading-as-an-implicit-measure-2t6y1wzi5f.pdf

Effect of task on time spent reading as an implicit measure of interest

The next evolutionary step in wireless Internet information management is to provide support for tasks, which may be collaborative and may include multiple target devices, from desktop to handheld. This means that the information architecture supports the processes of the task, recognizes group interaction, and lets users migrate seamlessly among internet-compatible devices without losing the thread of the session. If users are free to migrate amongst devices during the course of a session then intelligent transformation of data is required to exploit the screen size and input characteristics of the target appliance with minimal loss of task effectiveness.In this paper we first review general characteristics related to the performance of users on small screens and then examine the navigation of full tables on small screens for users in multidevice scenarios. We examine the methodologies available for access to full tables in environments where the full table cannot be viewed in its entirety. In particular, we examine the situation where users are collaborating across platform and referring to the same table of data. We ask three basic questions: Does screen size affect the performance of table lookup tasks? Does a search function improve performance of table lookup based tasks on reduced screen sizes? Does including context information improve the performance of table lookup based tasks on reduced screen sizes? The answers to these questions are important as individual and intuitive responses are used by the designers of small screen interfaces for use with large tables of data. We report on the results of a user study that examines factors that may affect the use of large tables on small display devices. The use of large tables on small devices in their native state becomes important in at least two circumstances. First, when collaboration involves two or more users sharing a view of data when the individual screen sizes are different. Second, when the exact table structure replication may be critical as a user moves quickly from a larger to a smaller screen or back again mid-task. Performance is measured by both effectiveness, correctness of result, and efficiency, effort to reach a result.

Using large tables on small display devices

Summary The ecological metaphor of industrial ecology is a proven conceptual tool, having spawned an entire field of interdisciplinary research that explores the intimate linkages between industry and its underlying natural systems. Besides its name and a number of borrowed concepts, however, industrial ecology has no formal relationship with the ecological sciences. This study explores the potential for further interdisciplinary collaboration by testing whether some of the same quantitative analysis techniques used in community ecology research can have meaning in an industrial context. Specifically, we applied the ecological concepts of connectance and diversity to an analysis of Burnside Industrial Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Our results demonstrate that these ecological tools show promise for use in industrial ecology. We discuss the meaning of connectance and diversity concepts in an industrial context and suggest next steps for future studies. We hope that this research will help to lay the groundwork of an ecologically inspired tool kit for analyzing industrial ecosystems.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1783292

Diversity and Connectance in an Industrial Context The Case of Burnside Industrial Park

In this paper, we describe a set of experiments to examine the effect of various attributes of web genre on the automatic identification of the genre of web pages. Four different genres are used in the data set, namely, FAQ, News, E-Shopping and Personal Home Pages. The effects of the number of features used to represent the web pages (5, 20, or 100) as well as the types of attributes, , singly and in various combinations are examined. The results indicate that fewer features produce better precision but more features produce better recall, and that attributes in combinations will always perform better than single attributes.

An Examination of Genre Attributes for Web Page Classification

This article presents a study to evaluate the accuracy of drug interaction (DI) alerts triggered by two electronic medical record (EMR) systems in primary healthcare. A scenario-based software architecture analysis methodology (SAAM) was used with drug-drug interaction (DDI) pairs in hypothetical patient scenarios. A literature search identified common drugs used in the management of conditions in the elderly population. Three reference programs determined the level of severity of drug interactions, and a common severity rating scale was adapted. The EMR systems showed a limited potential to identify 'severe' clinically significant DDIs and considerable probability for triggering spurious alerts. This may explain the overriding of DI alerts and the interruption of the workflow of users of EMR systems. Reasons for EMR system deficiency included unavailable updates or programming, database functioning discrepancies, and controversies in the clinical evidence.

/pdf/evaluation-of-accuracy-of-drug-interaction-alerts-triggered-18pc2fw42n.pdf

Jack Duffy

Papers

Effect of task on time spent reading as an implicit measure of interest

Using large tables on small display devices

Diversity and Connectance in an Industrial Context The Case of Burnside Industrial Park

An Examination of Genre Attributes for Web Page Classification

Evaluation of accuracy of drug interaction alerts triggered by two electronic medical record systems in primary healthcare.