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Annual Report 2011 -個人別教育研究報告-

Research on risk assessment for domestic violence has to date focused primarily on the predictive power of individual risk factors and the statistical validity of risk assessment tools in predicting future physical assault in sub-sets of cases dealt with by the police. This study uses data from risk assessment forms from a random sample of cases of domestic violence reported to the police. An innovative latent trait model is used to test whether a cluster of risk factors associated with coercive control is most representative of the type of abuse that comes to the attention of the police. Factors associated with a course of coercive and controlling conduct, including perpetrators' threats, controlling behavior and sexual coercion, and victims' isolation and fear, had highest item loadings and were thus the most representative of the overall construct. Sub-lethal physical violence-choking and use of weapons-was also consistent with a course of controlling conduct. Whether a physical injury was sustained during the current incident, however, was not associated consistently either with the typical pattern of abuse or with other context-specific risk factors such as separation from the perpetrator. Implications for police practice and the design of risk assessment tools are discussed. We conclude that coercive control is the "golden thread" running through risk identification and assessment for domestic violence and that risk assessment tools structured around coercive control can help police officers move beyond an "incident-by-incident" response and toward identifying the dangerous patterns of behavior that precede domestic homicide.

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The “Golden Thread”: Coercive Control and Risk Assessment for Domestic Violence

Sociological research on violence against rural women quickly exploded on the scene in the latter part of the last decade. There is now strong international empirical evidence showing that rural women are at greater risk of experiencing various types of intimate violence than are their urban and suburban counterparts. Nevertheless, more sociological empirical and theoretical contributions are necessary. The main objective of this paper is to describe the current state of sociological knowledge about intimate violence against rural women and to suggest new directions in understanding this problem.

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Intimate Violence Against Rural Women: The Current State of Sociological Knowledge

Over the past ten years the theoretical framework of ‘coercive control’ has been increasingly applied, critiqued, and now underpins a criminal offence. Whilst many argue that it more accurately reflects experiences of victimisation, there has been little exploration of coercive control through the accounts of perpetrators. Through two phased interviews with 64 men attending UK Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes, we examine how and why men use coercive tactics and how unpicking gender norms enabled some men to recognise and reduce their use of coercive control. We argue that coercive control is more dynamic, contestable and open to change than previous research has suggested. Some men did manage to take steps away from investing in traditional masculine norms and reduce their use of coercive tactics. However, this was an uneven and contradictory process which took time – involving painful realisations of loss and harm alongside a discovery of the benefits associated with letting go of restrictive gender norms. Understanding how and why men invest in or dismantle gender norms that underpin coercive control has important implications for theory and for practice, particularly the content and focus of work with domestic violence perpetrators.

‘It’s a work in progress’ : men’s accounts of gender and change in their use of coercive control.

This paper aims to contribute to the prevention of future domestic homicide by analysing 141 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales. All publicly available DHRs (n=141) were retrieved from Community Safety Partnership websites in England and Wales in June 2016. Utilising a mixed methods approach, we designed templates to extract quantitative and qualitative data from DHRs. Descriptive statistics were generated by SPSS. 54 DHRs were analysed qualitatively, using N-Vivo for data management. 
The findings revealed that perpetrators were aged: 16 - 82 years; with a mean average age of 41 years. Victims’ ages ranged from: 17 and 91 years old; with a mean average age: 45 years. Perpetrators’ mental health was mentioned in 65% of DHRs; 49% of perpetrators had a mental health diagnosis. Healthcare services, in particular, mental health services, were most likely to be involved with perpetrators. ‘Movement’ was identified as a key contextual feature of the 54 DHRs analysed qualitatively and this was found to interact with risk assessment, language barriers and housing problems. In conclusion, domestic violence and abuse risk assessments need to be informed by the knowledge that domestic abuse occurs across the age span. Mental health settings offer an opportunity for intervention to prevent domestic homicide. Domestic Homicide Reviews can provide valuable material for training practitioners.

/pdf/learning-from-domestic-homicide-reviews-in-england-and-wales-3lmt559uem.pdf

Learning from domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales.

When Men Murder Women

Incarcerated women often have trauma, substance misuse, and mental health concerns. These are often categorized as criminal activity. While data suggest women are incarcerated largely due to substance related issues, there is a gap in jail services. Women are often revictimized in jails, creating additional rehabilitation barriers. There is demand for programming to address substance misuse, mental health, life skills, and community building. This study’s purpose was to understand perceptions of holistic jail programming. Participants’ journals were analyzed (n = 132). Themes included intentionality, process feelings, self-worth, solidarity, programming justification, and emotional safety. The programming has promising elements to be replicated.

Jacqueline R. Burse

Papers

When Men Murder Women

“Thank you for letting it be about me”: Women’s perceptions of holistic programming in a jail

Taking on Diversity: How We Can Move from Anxiety to Respect—A Diversity Doctor’s Best Lessons from the Campus