Ce travail propose de pointer certaines difficultes que rencontrent les eleves lors de l'enseignement du concept de masse en classe. Pour cela, il s'appuie sur l'approche historique de ce concept, ainsi que sur l'analyse des programmes, pour bâtir un questionnaire, propose a des eleves allant de la classe de troisieme au DEUG et a des enseignants de lycee. L'analyse de ce questionnaire a permis de mettre en evidence un certain nombre d'obstacles et de conceptions lies au concept de masse, ainsi que de pouvoir suivre leur evolution a travers les differents stades de l'enseignement.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797613/document

Le concept de masse en physique : quelques pistes à propos des conceptions et des obstacles

Students’ misconceptions about Newton's second law in frictionless outer space were investigated. The research was formed according to an epistemic game theoretical framework. The term ‘epistemic’ refers to students’ participation in problem-solving activities as a means of constructing new knowledge. The term ‘game’ refers to a coherent activity that consists of moves and rules. A set of questions in which students are asked to solve two similar Newton's second law problems, one of which is on the Earth and the other in outer space, was administered to 116 undergraduate students. The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between students’ epistemic game preferences and race-type (outer space or frictional surface) question. So students who used Newton's second law on the ground did not apply this law and used primitive reasoning when it came to space. Among these students, voluntary interviews were conducted with 18 students. Analysis of interview transcripts showed that: (1) the term ‘space’ causes spontaneity among students that prevents the use of the law; (2) students hesitate to apply Newton's second law in space due to the lack of a condition—the friction; (3) students feel that Newton's second law is not valid in space for a variety of reasons, but mostly for the fact that the body in space is not in contact with a surface.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0143-0807/35/4/045004/pdf

Students’ misconceptions about Newton's second law in outer space

This study aims to investigate how middle school students make meaning the relationship between mass of vehicles and their speed on a horizontal plane. Accordingly, students’’ schemes constructed from daily life observations for concepts such as the concept of mass and differences between schemes and variables including level of class and gender were investigated. Race Question Set developed by authors was administrated to 738 middle school students. A descriptive study (relational-screening model) was adopted for analyzing students’ answers. Findings obtained indicated that mass of vehicles was important but that was not a single criterion for predicting race result among students.

Jacques Heurtaux

Papers

A propos de "masse inerte" et "masse de gravité"