Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.

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Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds.

Herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function.

Effects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation

Preface. Contributors. 1. Salicylic acid: Biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological role in plants S. Hayat, B. Ali and A. Ahmad 2. Effects of salicylic acid on the bioproductivity of plants A. Larque-Saavedra and R. Martin-Mex 3. Effect of salicylic acid on solute transport in plants M.S. Krasavina 4. Role of hormonal system in the manifestation of growth promoting and antistress action of salicylic acid F.M. Shakirova 5. Role of salicylic acid in the induction of abiotic stress tolerance T. Janda, E. Horvath, G. Szalai and E. Paldi 6. The role of salicylates in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and abiotic stresses in higher plants F. Mabood and D. Smith 7. Stress and antistress effects of salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid on potato culture technology H.A. Lopez-Delgado, I.M. Scott and M.E. Mora-Herrera 8. Salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species in the activation of stress defense genes L. Holuigue, P. Salinas, F. Blanco and V. Garreton 9. The interplay between salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species during cell death in plants J.F. Dat, N. Capelli, F. van Breusegem 10. Salicylic acid as a defense-related plant hormone: Roles of oxidative and calcium signaling paths in salicylic acid biology T. Kawano and T. Furuichi 11. Salicylic acid and local resistance to pathogens I.V. Maksimov and L. G. Yarullina 12. Salicylic acid in plant disease resistance R. Chaturvedi and J. Shah 13. Transcriptomic analysis of salicylic acid-responsive genes in tobacco BY-2 cells I. Galis and K.Matsuoka Index.

Salicylic acid : a plant hormone

Jasmonates counter plant stress: A Review

Resveratrol accumulation and resveratrol synthase gene expression in response to abiotic stresses and hormones in peanut plants

Rehmannia glutinosa is a medicinal herb that is tolerant to the non-selective herbicide paraquat. Acteoside, a phenolic compound present in the plant, has been shown to inhibit paraquat. To understand regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway that produces the acteoside moiety, we isolated a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) cDNA clone (RgPAL1) and used it to examine PAL expression. The deduced 712 amino acid sequence of the open reading frame contains the conserved active site and potential phosphorylation sites of other plant PALs. RgPAL1 mRNA was detected in the leaves, flowers and roots of healthy plants, and the level of the mRNA was higher in leaves than in flowers and roots. RgPAL1 mRNA was induced in leaves by paraquat, H2O2, UV light, wounding, yeast extract, jasmonic acid and ethephon. The transcript level and enzyme activity increased gradually from 6 to 24 h after exposure to paraquat or jasmonic acid. Induction of RgPAL1 by paraquat and stress-related phytohormones suggests that it is involved in the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway under oxidative stress.

Jae Chul Chun

Papers

Resveratrol accumulation and resveratrol synthase gene expression in response to abiotic stresses and hormones in peanut plants

Induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene expression by paraquat and stress-related hormones in Rehmannia glutinosa.