物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

A surface science perspective on TiO2 photocatalysis

https://lbd.udc.es/jornadas2011/actas/JISBD/JISBD/S6/YaPublicados/benavides11_is_jisbdArchitecturasLP.pdf

Automated analysis of feature models 20 years later: A literature review

Systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems is a fundamental technical requirement for achieving successful software reuse By examining a class/family of related systems and the commonality underlying those systems, it is possible to obtain a set of reference models, ie, software architectures and components needed for implementing applications in the class FORM (FeaturedOriented Reuse Method) supports development of such reusable architectures and components (through a process called the “domain engineering”) and development of applications using the domain artifacts produced from the domain engineering FORM starts with an analysis of commonality among applications in a particular domain in terms of services, operating environments, domain technologies, and implementation techniques The model constructed during the analysis is called a “feature” model, and it captures commonality as an AND/OR graph, where AND nodes indicate mandatory features and OR nodes indicate alternative features selectable for different applications Then, this model is used to define parameterized reference architectures and appropriate reusable components instantiatable during application development Architectures are defined from three different viewpoints (subsystem, process, and module) and have intimate association with the features The subsystem architecture is used to package service features and allocate them to different computers in a distributed environment Each subsystem is further decomposed into processes considering the operating environment features Modules are defined based on the features on domain technology and implementation techniques These architecture models that represent an architecture at different levels of abstraction are derived from the feature hierarchy captured in the feature model Modules serve as basis for creating reusable components, and their specification defines how they are integrated into the application (eg, asdis integration of predcoded component, instantiation of parameterized templates, and fillingdin skeletal codes) Our experiences have shown that for the electronic bulletin board and the private branch exchange (PBX) domains, “features” make up for a common domain language and the main communication medium among application users and developers Thus, the feature model well represents a “decision space” of software development, and is a good starting point for identifying candidate reusable components

FORM: A feature-oriented reuse method with domain-specific reference architectures

This paper reviews recent studies on the semiconductor photocatalysis based on surface-modified TiO2 of which application is mainly focused on environmental remediation. TiO2 photocatalysis that is based on the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer has been extensively studied over the past four decades. A great number of modification methods of semiconductor photocatalysts have been developed and investigated to accelerate the photoconversion, to enable the absorption of visible light, or to alter the reaction mechanism to control the products and intermediates. In this regard, various modification methods of TiO2 are classified according to the kind of surface modifiers (metal-loading, impurity doping, inorganic adsorbates, polymer coating, dye-sensitization, charge transfer complexation) and their effects on photocatalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics are discussed in detail. Modifying TiO2 in various ways not only changes the mechanism and kinetics under UV irradiation but also introduces visible light activity that is absent with pure TiO2. Each modification method influences the photocatalytic activity and mechanism in a way different from others and the observed modification effects are often different depending on the test substrates and conditions even for the same modification method. Better understanding of the modification effects on TiO2 photocatalysis is necessary to obtain reliable results, to assess the photoconversion efficiency more quantitatively, and to further improve the modification methods.

Surface modification of TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental applications

The feature-oriented reuse method analyzes and models a product line's commonalities and differences in terms of product features and uses the analysis results to develop architectures and components. The article illustrates, with a home integration system example, how FORM brings efficiency into product line development.

Feature-oriented product line engineering

Product line software engineering (PLSE) is an emerging software engineering paradigm, which guides organizations toward the development of products from core assets rather than the development of products one by one from scratch In order to develop highly reusable core assets, PLSE must have the ability to exploit commonality and manage variability among products from a domain perspective Feature modeling is one of the most popular domain analysis techniques, which analyzes commonality and variability in a domain to develop highly reusable core assets for a product line Various attempts have been made to extend and apply it to the development of software product lines However, feature modeling can be difficult and time-consuming without a precise understanding of the goals of feature modeling and the aid of practical guidelines In this paper, we clarify the concept of features and the goals of feature modeling, and provide practical guidelines for successful product line software engineering The authors have extensively used feature modeling in several industrial product line projects and the guidelines described in this paper are based on these experiences

Concepts and Guidelines of Feature Modeling for Product Line Software Engineering

The effects of the number of anchoring groups (carboxylate vs phosphonate) in Ru−bipyridyl complexes on their binding to TiO2 surface and the photoelectrochemical performance of the sensitized TiO2 electrodes were systematically investigated. Six derivatives of Ru−bipyridyl complexes having di-, tetra-, or hexacarboxylate (C2, C4, and C6) and di-, tetra-, or hexaphosphonate (P2, P4, and P6) as the anchoring group were synthesized. The properties and efficiencies of C- and P-complexes as a sensitizer depended on the number of anchoring groups in very different ways. Although C4 exhibited the lowest visible light absorption, C4−TiO2 electrode showed the best cell performance and stability among C−TiO2 electrodes. However, P6, which has the highest visible light absorption, was more efficient than P2 and P4 as a sensitizer of TiO2. The surface binding (strength and stability) of C-complexes on TiO2 is highly influenced by the number of carboxylate groups and is the most decisive factor in controlling the sen...

Effect of the Anchoring Group in Ru−Bipyridyl Sensitizers on the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Electrodes: Carboxylate versus Phosphonate Linkages

Dynamic product reconfiguration refers to making changes to a deployed product configuration while a system is running. Recently, there have been increasing demands for dynamic product reconfiguration in various application areas (e.g., ubiquitous computing, self-healing systems, etc.); however, most product line engineering methods in the literature have focused on the development of reusable core assets for statically configured products. In this paper, we propose a feature-oriented approach to develop dynamically reconfigurable core assets. This approach takes feature binding analysis results as a key design driver for identifying and managing variation points of dynamically reconfigurable products. We also provide a conceptual model for a reconfigurator, which monitors and manages product reconfiguration at run time. The method is illustrated with a home service robot product line example.

Jaejoon Lee

Papers

FORM: A feature-oriented reuse method with domain-specific reference architectures

Feature-oriented product line engineering

Concepts and Guidelines of Feature Modeling for Product Line Software Engineering

Effect of the Anchoring Group in Ru−Bipyridyl Sensitizers on the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Electrodes: Carboxylate versus Phosphonate Linkages

A feature-oriented approach to developing dynamically reconfigurable products in product line engineering