This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

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CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

Annalen der Physik

Multistep continuous-flow microchemical synthesis involving multiple reactions and separations.

The series Lecture Notes in Chemistry (LNC), reports new developments in chemistry and molecular science quickly and informally, but with a high quality and the explicit aim to summarize and communicate current knowledge for teaching and training purposes. Books published in this series are conceived as bridging material between advanced graduate textbooks and the forefront of research. They will serve the following purposes:  • provide an accessible introduction to the field to postgraduate students and nonspecialist researchers from related areas, • provide a source of advanced teaching material for specialized seminars, courses and schools, and • be readily accessible in print and online. The series covers all established fields of chemistry such as analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry including electrochemistry, theoretical and computational chemistry, industrial chemistry, and catalysis. It is also a particularly suitable forum for volumes addressing the interfaces of chemistry with other disciplines, such as biology, medicine, physics, engineering, materials science including polymer and nanoscience, or earth and environmental science.  Both authored and edited volumes will be considered for publication. Edited volumes should however consist of a very limited number of contributions only. Proceedings will not be considered for LNC.  The year 2010 marks the relaunch of LNC.

Lecture notes in Chemistry

Improving electrochemical energy storage is one of the major issues of our time The search for new battery materials together with the drive to improve performance and lower cost of existing and new batteries is not without its challenges Success in these matters is undoubtedly based on first understanding the underlying chemistries of the materials and the relations between the components involved A combined application of experimental and theoretical techniques has proven to be a powerful strategy to gain insights into many of the questions that arise from the “how do batteries work and why do they fail” challenge In this Review, we highlight the application of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in battery research: a technique that can be extremely powerful in characterizing local structures in battery materials, even in highly disordered systems An introduction on electrochemical energy storage illustrates the research aims and prospective approaches to reach these We part

Materials’ Methods: NMR in Battery Research

The anisotropy within the a-b plane of YBa2Cu4O8 has been studied on single crystal platelets by optical and electron transport measurements. The optical investigations include polarized reflectivity measurements at room temperature for photon energies between 0.5 and 4 eV and a direct measurement of the ratio of the reflectivity coefficients r b r a . The anisotropy of the electrical resistivity has been determined from AC van der Pauw measurements using the Montgomery formalism for anisotropic materials. The optical reflectivity spectra are dominated by Drude-like free electron contributions with plasmon energies of 2.8 eV and 1.67 eV for the electrical field vector along the b- and a-axis, respectively. The electrical resistivity displays an anisotropy of a factor of about 3. The superconducting transition temperature (midpoint of the resistivity drop) is 76 K. Contrary to YBa2Cu3O7, clear deviations from linear temperature dependences of the resistivity are observed in the normal state of YBa2Cu4O8. An extrapolation of the linear (normal) part gives zero resistance at 36 ± 2 K and not 0 K. The observed anisotropies are compared with results of a tight binding calculation.

Anisotropy of optical and transport-properties in the a-b plane of the high-temperature superconductor yba2cu4o8

From the definition of spinors as the minimal left (right) modules of multivectors (that is, of vectors and their outer products), we can construct a unified mathematical approach for the study of matter and its interaction fields, which are either defined as fields in the geometrical spacetime or considered as generators of the physical spacetime. It is also shown how matter and interaction fields can be represented either by spinor fields or by multivector fields, both types of fields carrying the same information as the traditional corresponding spinors, vectors, or tensors. Geometry is more transparent in one representation (multivector form), and physics is more obvious in the spinor representation. Our theory provides a unified and totally self-consistent representation of quarks (barions), leptons, and all their known interactions.

Spinors and multivectors as a unified tool for spacetime geometry and for elementary particle physics

Self-consistent cellular multiple scattering techniques and photoemission energy distribution curves obtained at 20<hv<80 eV are used to study the density of states of UN and US. The calculations are based on a model using a finite cluster of atoms in a condensed-matter-like boundary potential. The main results refer to the mixing of thes, p, d, andf-states of uranium into a valence and a conduction band. Thef-states form orbitals with the ligands, within the valence and conduction bands. In the nitride the amount off character in the valence band is only 0.3 electrons and thef electrons are in two resonant levels (of each spin) in the conduction band. Only the first of these levels is occupied for the local, alternate from atom to atom, majority spin. In the sulfide the amount off character in the valence band is 0.59 electrons and the rest of thef-levels are in a resonance state (of majority spin) at the beginning of the conduction band. The conduction band is mainly of localized uranium 6d character. The theoretical results compare favorably with the photoemission data reported here.

Electronic structure of cubic uranium compounds

Recent advances in the statistical exchange approximation to the one-electron potential and in the use of general potentials in multiple scattering are studied numerically and combined in a cellular multiple scattering calculation of the electronic structure of molecules. The particular examples of these calculations are SF6, H, and H2, the results being compared with those of previous approximations and other techniques. It is first seen that the Xαβ approximation or a similar one based on the use of a universal parametrization of the statistical exchange (and some effects of correlation) part of the potential will provide the maximum of freedom in the partition of the real space of the molecules into cells. This avoids arbitrariness in the assumed value of the parameters to be used in every cell. The usefulness of the Xαβ approximation in a muffin-tin and in a cellular calculation is discussed. It is also found that the usual limitation to muffin-tin-like potentials, while simpler as a first approximation, can be removed without unduly increasing the computing effort. However, an accurate evaluation of the real self-consistent potential in each cell (or even in a muffin-tin) will increase the length of the program, the storage necessities and the computing time by a factor estimated to be between three and ten according to the geometry considered. It is concluded that the cellular multiple scattering method offers the best possibilities for a systematic use of multiple scattering techniques in molecular calculations.

SC Cellular multiple scattering in molecular electronic structure calculations

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 2. Space-Time-Action Relativity Theory. 3. Action Mathematical Structures. 4. The Theory of the Electron. 5. Geometry and the Electron. 6. Algebraic Analysis of the Electron Theory. 7. Geometrical Analysis. Index.

Jaime Keller

Papers

Anisotropy of optical and transport-properties in the a-b plane of the high-temperature superconductor yba2cu4o8

Spinors and multivectors as a unified tool for spacetime geometry and for elementary particle physics

Electronic structure of cubic uranium compounds

SC Cellular multiple scattering in molecular electronic structure calculations

Theory of the Electron: A Theory of Matter from START