Global sustainability challenges, from maintaining biodiversity to providing clean air and water, are closely interconnected yet often separately studied and managed. Systems integration—holistic approaches to integrating various components of coupled human and natural systems—is critical to understand socioeconomic and environmental interconnections and to create sustainability solutions. Recent advances include the development and quantification of integrated frameworks that incorporate ecosystem services, environmental footprints, planetary boundaries, human-nature nexuses, and telecoupling. Although systems integration has led to fundamental discoveries and practical applications, further efforts are needed to incorporate more human and natural components simultaneously, quantify spillover systems and feedbacks, integrate multiple spatial and temporal scales, develop new tools, and translate findings into policy and practice. Such efforts can help address important knowledge gaps, link seemingly unconnected challenges, and inform policy and management decisions.

/pdf/systems-integration-for-global-sustainability-18596gn05j.pdf

Systems integration for global sustainability

This study aims to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, real output (GDP), the square of real output (GDP2), trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in the USA for the period 1960–2010. The bounds testing for cointegration indicates that the analyzed variables are cointegrated. In the long run, energy consumption and urbanization increase environmental degradation while financial development has no effect on it, and trade leads to environmental improvements. In addition, this study does not support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the USA because real output leads to environmental improvements while GDP2 increases the levels of gas emissions. The results from the Granger causality test show that there is bidirectional causality between CO2 and GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, CO2 and urbanization, GDP and urbanization, and GDP and trade openness while no causality is determined between CO2 and trade openness, and gas emissions and financial development. In addition, we have enough evidence to support one-way causality running from GDP to energy consumption, from financial development to output, and from urbanization to financial development. In light of the long-run estimates and the Granger causality analysis, the US government should take into account the importance of trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in controlling for the levels of GDP and pollution. Moreover, it should be noted that the development of efficient energy policies likely contributes to lower CO2 emissions without harming real output.

CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA

This paper considers a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with potential impact of renewable energy consumption on environmental quality. To this end, paper aims at investigating the validity of the EKC hypothesis employing the dependent variable of CO2 emissions and regressors of GDP, quadratic GDP and renewable energy consumption. This paper, hence, analyzes this revisited EKC hypothesis to observe if (i) there exists an inverted-U shaped relationship between environmental quality (in terms of CO2 emissions), per capita income and per capita income squared and (ii) there exists a negative causality from renewables to CO2 emissions within EKC model.

Paper employs a panel data set of 17 OECD countries over the period 1977–2010 and launches panel FMOLS and panel DOLS estimations. The findings support the EKC hypothesis for the panel and indicate that GDP per capita and GDP per capita squared have the impacts on CO2 emissions positively and negatively, respectively, and that renewable energy consumption yields negative impact on CO2 emissions. Another remark of this paper is that the validity of EKC does not depend on income level of individual countries of panel in which EKC hypothesis holds.

Eventually, paper argues that if countries carry out (i) policies, i.e., for fair and easy access to the electricity from renewable sources and (ii) policies to increase renewables supply through i.e. improved renewable energy technologies, they will be able to contribute to combating global warming problem as they increase their GDP’s.

The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: A revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach

Determinants of CO2 emissions in the European Union: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy

Due to tremendous increase in the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the last several decades, a number of studies in the energy-growth-environment literature have attempted to identify the determinants of CO2 emissions. A major criticism related to the existing studies, we realize, is the selection of panel estimation techniques. Almost all studies use panel methods that ignore the issue of cross-sectional dependence even though countries in the panel are most likely heterogeneous and cross-sectionally dependent. In addition, the majority of existing studies use aggregate energy consumption, and thus fail to identify the impacts of energy consumption by sources on the environment. In order to fulfill the mentioned gaps in the literature, this empirical study analyzes the influence of the real income, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, trade openness and financial development on CO2 emissions in the EKC model for the top countries listed in the Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index by employing heterogeneous panel estimation techniques with cross-section dependence. We find that the analyzed variables become stationary at their first-differences by using the CADF and the CIPS unit root tests, and the analyzed variables are cointegrated by employing the LM bootstrap cointegration test. By using the FMOLS and the DOLS, we also find that increases in renewable energy consumption, trade openness and financial development decrease carbon emissions while increases in non-renewable energy consumption contribute to the level of emissions, and the EKC hypothesis is supported for the top renewable energy countries.

The influence of real output, renewable and non-renewable energy, trade and financial development on carbon emissions in the top renewable energy countries

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/15971.pdf

Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: A cointegration analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/11477.pdf

Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia

CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: A cointegration approach

This study examines the potential of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in reducing the impact of carbon emission in Malaysia and the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which leads to global warming. Using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this study analyses the impact of electricity generated using RES on the environment and trade openness for the period 1980-2009. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach the results show that the elasticities of electricity production from renewable sources with respect to CO 2 emissions are negative and significant in both the short and long-run. This implies the potential of renewable energy in c ontrolling CO 2 emissions in both short and long-run in Malaysia. Renewable energy can ensure sustainabilit y of electricity supply and at the same time can re duce CO 2 emissions. Trade openness has a significant negati ve effect on CO 2 emissions in the long-run. The Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correc tion Mode (VECM) indicates that there is an evidenc e of positive bi-directional Granger causality relati onship between economic growth and CO 2 emissions in the short and long-run suggesting that carbon emissions and economic growth are interrelated to each other . Furthermore, there is a negative long-run bi-direct ional Granger causality relationship between electr icity production from renewable sources and CO 2 emissions. The short-run Granger causality shows a negative uni-directional causality for electricity productio n from renewable sources to CO 2 emissions. This result suggests that there is an inverted U-shaped relatio nship between CO 2 emissions and economic growth.

The Potentialof Renewable Energy: Using The Environmental Kuznets Curve Model

This study examines the dynamic relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and foreign trade based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Indonesia for the period 1971–2007, using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The results do not support the EKC hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and environmental degradation. The long-run results indicate that foreign trade is the most significant variable in explaining CO2 emissions in Indonesia followed by Energy consumption and economic growth. The stability of the variables in estimated model is also examined. The result suggests that the estimated model is stable over the study period.

/pdf/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-environmental-kuznets-curve-for-4wt8c362ux.pdf

Jamalludin Sulaiman

Papers

Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: A cointegration analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia

CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: A cointegration approach

The Potentialof Renewable Energy: Using The Environmental Kuznets Curve Model

An Empirical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions in Indonesia: The Role of Energy Consumption and Foreign Trade