James L. Walker

TL;DR: Titaniferous Ferruginous latosols are an important group of Hawaiian soils as discussed by the authors, which have a profile of very friable silt material with very little horizon differentiation, and when exposed to dehydration by removal of the protective canopy cover of the forest, as occurs after forest fires, a tremendous change occurs in the soil profile morphology.

TL;DR: Large amounts of titanomaghemite containing as much as 33 percent TiO2 by mol ratio as an essential component have been found in a Hawaiian soil as mentioned in this paper, which was probably formed by the direct oxidation of primary Titanomagnetite occurring in basaltic rocks without any subtraction of iron from the system or addition of titanium into the system.