An imaging system for a vehicle includes an imaging device having a field of view exteriorly and forward of the vehicle in its direction of travel, and an image processor operable to process the captured images in accordance with an algorithm. The algorithm comprises a sign recognition routine and a character recognition routine. The image processor processes the image data captured by the imaging device to detect signs in the field of view of the imaging device and applies the sign recognition routine to determine a sign type of the detected sign. The image processor is operable to apply the character recognition routine to the image data to determine information on the detected sign. The image processor applies the character recognition routine to the captured images in response to an output of the sign recognition routine being indicative of the detected sign being a sign type of interest.

Imaging system for vehicle

An Interferometric Modulator (IMod) is a microelectromechanical device for modulating light using interference. The colors of these devices may be determined in a spatial fashion, and their inherent color shift may be compensated for using several optical compensation mechanisms. Brightness, addressing, and driving of IMods may be accomplished in a variety of ways with appropriate packaging, and peripheral electronics which can be attached and/or fabricated using one of many techniques. The devices may be used in both embedded and directly perceived applications, the latter providing multiple viewing modes as well as a multitude of product concepts ranging in size from microscopic to architectural in scope.

Interferometric modulation of radiation

An interference modulator (Imod) incorporates anti-reflection coatings and/or micro-fabricated supplemental lighting sources. An efficient drive scheme is provided for matrix addressed arrays of IMods or other micromechanical devices. An improved color scheme provides greater flexibility. Electronic hardware can be field reconfigured to accommodate different display formats and/or application functions. An IMod's electromechanical behavior can be decoupled from its optical behavior. An improved actuation means is provided, some one of which may be hidden from view. An IMod or IMod array is fabricated and used in conjunction with a MEMS switch or switch array. An IMod can be used for optical switching and modulation. Some IMods incorporate 2-D and 3-D photonic structures. A variety of applications for the modulation of light are discussed. A MEMS manufacturing and packaging approach is provided based on a continuous web fed process. IMods can be used as test structures for the evaluation of residual stress in deposited materials.

Photonic mems and structures

A modulator for modulating an incident beam of light, the modulator comprising a plurality of equally spaced-apart elements, each of which includes a light-reflective planar surface. The elements are arranged parallel to each other with their light-reflective surfaces parallel to each other. The modulator includes means for supporting the elements in relation to one another and means for moving particular ones of the elements relative to others so that the moved elements transit between a first configuration wherein the modulator acts to reflect the incident beam of light as a plane mirror, and a second configuration wherein the modulator diffracts the light reflected therefrom. In operation the light-reflective surfaces of the elements remain parallel to each other in both the first and second configurations. The perpendicular spacing between the reflective surfaces of the respective elements is equal to m/4 × the wavelength of the incident beam of light, wherein m equals an even whole number or zero when the elements are in the first configuration and m equals an odd whole number when the elements are in the second configuration.

Method and apparatus for modulating a light beam

A forward-facing vision system for a vehicle includes a forward-facing camera disposed in a windshield electronics module attached at a windshield of the vehicle and viewing through the windshield. A control includes a processor that, responsive to processing of captured image data, detects taillights of leading vehicles during nighttime conditions and, responsive to processing of captured image data, detects lane markers on a road being traveled by the vehicle. The control, responsive to lane marker detection and a determination that the vehicle is drifting out of a traffic lane, may control a steering system of the vehicle to mitigate such drifting, with the steering system manually controllable by a driver of the vehicle irrespective of control by the control. The processor, based at least in part on detection of lane markers via processing of captured image data, determines curvature of the road being traveled by the vehicle.

Vision system for vehicle

Attention is given to experimental results for a binary phase-only filter implementation's correlation operations, using the deformable mirror device (DMD) spatial light modulator as the Fourier plane filter. These results demonstrate the basic capabilities of the DMD in an image correlator system which, in combination with the potential 8-kHz frame rate for 128 x 128 DMDs, can constitute a very high speed pattern recognition system. The DMD has the further capability of operating in the analog mode.

Coherent optical correlator using a deformable mirror device spatial light modulator in the Fourier plane

The present invention provides a method of ameliorating the effects of misalignment between modulator arrays, and a system using the same. The individual arrays are positioned such that a portion of the image produced by the arrays is generated by both arrays. The contribution to the combined output made by each array varies across the overlapped region, with each array making a small contribution to the pixels in the overlapped region at one end and a large contribution to pixels in the overlapped region at the other end. Because the overlapping portions of the modulator arrays collectively form a portion of the image, any alignment error is effectively spread over the entire overlapped region and is much less noticeable.

Method and apparatus for ameliorating the effects of misalignment between two or more arrays of imaging elements

A FLIR imager is modified to include a hybrid optical/electronic processor for automatic local area dynamic range normalization. FLIR imagers have an objective lens for focusing IR energy emanating from a scene on a detector array. The detector array generates electrical signals representative of the scene. LEDs generate a visible picture of the thermal image of the scene for a video processor for formatting the signals for a particular type display (TV). The hybrid optical/electronic processor is inserted between the LEDs and the video processor; it includes a beamsplitter for directing the image to a pair of CCD cameras. The image at one camera is set in sharp focus to preserve all of the spatial frequency content (allpass) through the image reconstruction optics. While the image at the second camera is slightly defocused for averaging image information over small local regions the size of the defocused point spread function (spatial lowpass filtered). The electrical signal outputs of the CCD cameras are connected to a differential amplifier for subtracting the lowpass image from the allpass image to produce the highpass image and amplification to bring the resulting signal level above the noise level of the CRT display; while the local average image output of the second camera is connected to a limiter for limiting the local average variations. A summing amplifier is used to bring the signal back together for restoring the visual impression of hot and cold objects without saturation or blanking and provide enhancement of image detail.

FLIR imager with hybrid optical/electronic processor

A method of using a display system having a spatial light modulator (14) to display holographic images. The spatial light modulator (14) generates images that represent vertical strips of a hologram. These images are de-magnified by a three-dimensional optics unit (18), in the horizontal direction so as to form image strips. A scanning mirror (45) scans the image strips in a series across an image plane at a rate sufficiently fast that the viewer perceives a composite hologram comprised of these image strips.

Holographic 3-D display system with spatial light modulator

A projection display system using polarized light comprises a light source for generating a light beam having at least two light components, wherein the light components are polarized and at least one of the light components is polarized differently than another of the light components. The projection display system has a projection system having a plurality of polarized light modulators, each modulator generating a light-component-specific image associated with one of the light components. The projection display system also has a projection lens for projecting an image combined from the light-component-specific images from the modulators. The present invention also provides a polarization converter for use with a light source that generates a light beam having at least two light components. The polarization converter comprises an optics array capable of separating the light beam into at least one light component having a polarization that is different than another light component.

James M. Florence

Papers

Coherent optical correlator using a deformable mirror device spatial light modulator in the Fourier plane

Method and apparatus for ameliorating the effects of misalignment between two or more arrays of imaging elements

FLIR imager with hybrid optical/electronic processor

Holographic 3-D display system with spatial light modulator

Projection display system using polarized light