A comprehensive review of the sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation in environmental samples (i.e., sediment, soil, sewage sludge, fly ash, etc.) is presented. The review contains more than 400 references and covers principally the literature published over the last decade. The use of each reagent involved in these schemes is looked at critically, and guidelines for their selectivity and extraction capacity are given. The operational character of these schemes is emphasised. Topics such as comparability between sequential extraction schemes of widespread use, harmonisation, acceleration, validation, etc. are addressed and future developments outlined.

Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples.

The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The experimental fish was exposed to Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. The elements Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the results were given as μ/g dry wt. The accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases in liver during the heavy metal exposure period. All the results were statistically significant at p Pb > Ni > Cr and Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. Similarly, in case of kidney and flesh tissues, the order was Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. In all heavy metals, the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium proportion was significantly increased in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp).

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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)

Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey.

Environmental mercury contamination in China: Sources and impacts☆

Determination of heavy metals in soil, mushroom and plant samples by atomic absorption spectrometry

Trace Metals in Fish and Sediments from Lake Boeuf, Southeastern Louisiana

Following an introduction to the origin and concentration of metals in crude oils, a brief overview of the major atomic spectroscopic methods, i.e., inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, and flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and an overview of sample preparation/sample introduction are presented. Results are presented of a number of studies with V and Ni being the most widely determined metals in crude oil.

Determination of Metals in Crude Oil by Atomic Spectroscopy

Use of atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of metals in sediments in south-west Louisiana

Determination of cadmium, lead, and nickel by simultaneous multielement flame atomic absorption spectrometry in burned and unburned Venezuelan crude oil

James N. Beck

Papers

Trace Metals in Fish and Sediments from Lake Boeuf, Southeastern Louisiana

Determination of Metals in Crude Oil by Atomic Spectroscopy

Use of atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of metals in sediments in south-west Louisiana

Determination of cadmium, lead, and nickel by simultaneous multielement flame atomic absorption spectrometry in burned and unburned Venezuelan crude oil

Radionuclides in Louisiana soils