Objects. The ~ b s t rac t ~ b j ect forms the fundamental base class for the entire design and all other classes are derived from this base class. The Abstract Object class defines and characterizes all the essential properties every class in this 404 OBJECT-ORIENTED SIMULATION

Handbook of Simulation

Life cycle validation, verification, and testing (VV&T) is extremely important for the success of a simulation study. This paper surveys current software VV&T techniques and current simulation model VV&T techniques and describes how they can all be applied throughout the life cycle of a simulation study. The processes and credibility assessment stages of the life cycle are described and the applicability of the VV&T techniques for each stage is stated. A glossary is provided to explicitly define important terms and VV&T techniques.

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Validation, verification, and testing techniques throughout the life cycle of a simulation study

Multiple tests for validation of system dynamics type of simulation models

Verification, Validation, and Testing

For communities threatened by hurricanes, evacuation time estimate (ETE) computation requires developing sophisticated evacuation flow models through analysis. In the last 25 years, significant progress has been made in this area. Accurate assumptions about risk area population behavior is required for ETEs, however, but evacuation models developed by transportation engineers have been poorly integrated with population behavior research by social scientists. The authors describe available ETE model-relevant empirical data, principal behavioral variables affecting hurricane ETEs, and recommended future analytic research and methods to address the disparity.

Critical Behavioral Assumptions in Evacuation Time Estimate Analysis for Private Vehicles: Examples from Hurricane Research and Planning

A methodology based on probabilistic mobilization time curves and pertinent evacuation network details is described for estimating the times required for the partial or total evacuation of an emergency planning zone (EPZ). Such an EPZ evacuation study is required by the U.S. Nuclear Regualatory Commission (NRC) for existing and proposed nuclear power operating plants. Inputs and outputs for the resulting computer model developed from the methodology are discussed for a nuclear power plant licensing application by Public Service Company of Oklahoma. With typical input conditions for the example under consideration, the computer model predicted an average total evacuation time of approximately two and a half hours, excluding notification and confirmation times.

A methodology for estimating emergency evacuation times

Simulation validation with sparse random data

Optimal digital simulations for random linear systems with integration constraints

A direct covariance algorithm is presented far handling problems of component tolerance analysis and random input variations with a particular emphasis for utilization in computer-aided statistical electronic circuit design. It is shown that this result is applicable to a wide range of electronic circuit arrays having non-linear components. Moreover, a systematic procedure is developed for predicting in advance the expected accuracy. Numerical results comparing the direct covariance algorithm with up to 1000 Monte Carlo ensemble-averaged computer runs are provided. Contrary to popular belief, errors of 10 to 25% are obtained by using 25 to 100 Monte Carlo runs. Improvements in both accuracy and computational speed clearly demonstrate that the direct covariance algorithm is a versatile and effective computer-aided design tool.

James R. Rowland

Papers

A methodology for estimating emergency evacuation times

Simulation validation with sparse random data

Optimal digital simulations for random linear systems with integration constraints

A direct covariance algorithm for computer-aided statistical electronic circuit design

Realtime digital integration for continuous Kalman filtering in nonlinear systems