世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

This paper applies nonparametric estimators to examine countries’ carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and governance relationship. By using data for the time period 1996-2010 of the twenty largest economies (Group of twenty, G-20) the dynamics of the considered relationship are analyzed. Six governance measures are included in our analysis (Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption) as have been defined in World Governance Indicators from the World Bank. The empirical findings reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between countries’ CO2 emissions and the examined governance measures. In addition and with respect to the environmental policy makers, a significant difference on the number of governance measures influencing countries’ carbon dioxide emissions which is subject to countries’ specific regional and development variations is recorded. Finally, the carbon dioxide emissions-governance relationship is highly nonlinear and appears that countries’ higher governance quality does not always result to lower carbon dioxide emission levels.

Carbon dioxide emissions and governance: A nonparametric analysis for the G-20

Growing energy demand but stagnant production followed by volatile exchange rate leads Pakistan to energy imbalances and potential economic contraction. Yet, studies on sectoral energy imports are limited and inconclusive without accessing the asymmetric effect of currency fluctuations. We examine the impacts of Pakistani Rupee volatility on monthly energy imports based on the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) estimations. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillip Peron tests were used to conduct unit root testing and bounds testing approach was used to examine the long-term cointegration. The long-run asymmetry is tested with Wald-test and using NARDL model we examined both short-run and long-run asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on energy imports. The bound test established and supported through 〖ECM〗_(t-1) (t-test), long-term cointegrating relationship between exchange rate volatility and energy imports. Among others, both short-run and long-run asymmetric effects were found for crude oil, coal, electricity and petroleum products. Rupee depreciation increased crude oil and electricity imports while the appreciation effects were insignificant. Overall, the empirical assessment reveals that foreign exchange volatility effect is sectoral specific and asymmetric in Pakistan. It offers new insights to re-strategize the energy policy and refining the import substitution plan.

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Are the Responses of Sectoral Energy Imports Asymmetric to Exchange Rate Volatilities in Pakistan? Evidence From Recent Foreign Exchange Regime

Investigating the link between economic growth, financial development, urbanization, natural resources, human capital, trade openness and ecological footprint: evidence from Nigeria

This study examined the role played by foreign direct investment in environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus using panel data from 39 sub-Saharan Africa countries. The study covered the period 1986–2018, while dynamic GMM was employed for the estimations. When poverty reduction was measured by household final consumption expenditure, it was found that the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation measures failed to contribute to poverty reduction. However, when poverty reduction was measured by the human development index, it was found that the interaction of foreign direct investment and environmental degradation enhanced poverty reduction. When poverty reduction was measured by life expectancy, the interaction term of FDI and carbon dioxide (
 $$CO_{2} )$$
 was harmful to poverty reduction, while the interaction terms of FDI with other measures of environmental degradation had no effect on poverty reduction. The implications of the study were discussed.

The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries

This study investigates the effect of shadow economy on environmental pollution and the role of institutional quality in moderating the impact in African countries between 1991 and 2015.,The study employs three pollutant variables namely: carbon dioxide emissions per capita, methane emission and nitrous oxide emission as robustness check. Also, battery of methodologies; ordinary least squares, fixed effects and system generalised method of moments are used to drive out the conclusions of this study.,The findings reveal that shadow economy and institutional quality contribute significantly to environmental pollution in Africa. Further, the interactive effect of shadow economy and institutional quality worsens environmental quality in the region. This reveals that weak institutional quality recorded in the region increases the level of shadow economy, thereby intensifying environmental pollution.,The study concludes that weak institutional framework in the region reinforces shadow economy and environmental pollution. Hence, findings from this study can help policymakers in the region to better understand the role of institutional quality in reducing shadow economy and environmental pollution.,This study enriches one’s understanding on the role of institutional quality in the relationship between environmental quality and shadow economy in African context. It investigates the direct and indirect impact of institutions and shadow economy on environmental quality. The study also uses three different robust variables to measure environmental pollution (carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita, methane emission and nitrous oxide emission) for sensitivity analysis.

Shadow economy, institutions and environmental pollution: insights from Africa

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/246671/1/1761426532.pdf

James Temitope Dada

Papers

Investigating the link between economic growth, financial development, urbanization, natural resources, human capital, trade openness and ecological footprint: evidence from Nigeria

Investigating the link between economic growth, financial development, urbanization, natural resources, human capital, trade openness and ecological footprint: evidence from Nigeria

The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries

Shadow economy, institutions and environmental pollution: insights from Africa

Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa: does environmental degradation matter?