The applications of copper (Cu) and Cu-based nanoparticles, which are based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive copper metal, have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, especially in the field of catalysis. The possible modification of the chemical and physical properties of these nanoparticles using different synthetic strategies and conditions and/or via postsynthetic chemical treatments has been largely responsible for the rapid growth of interest in these nanomaterials and their applications in catalysis. In addition, the design and development of novel support and/or multimetallic systems (e.g., alloys, etc.) has also made significant contributions to the field. In this comprehensive review, we report different synthetic approaches to Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles (metallic copper, copper oxides, and hybrid copper nanostructures) and copper nanoparticles immobilized into or supported on various support materials (SiO2, magnetic support materials, etc.), along with their applications i...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00482

Cu and Cu-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis.

In the laser treatment of a workpiece (9), e.g. for surface hardening, melting, alloying, cladding, welding or cutting, the adverse effect of reflectivity of the surface, when a pure, monochromatic laser (6) is used, is remedied by the simultaneous application of a relatively shorter wavelength beam (1). The two beams (1)(5) may be combined by a beam coupler (4) or may reach the workpiece (9) by separate optical paths (not shown). The shorter wavelength beam (1) improves the coupling efficiency of the higher- powered laser beam (5).

Laser Material Processing

Welding Metallurgy of

The limitation of hot spot cooling in microchips represents an important hurdle for the electronics industry to overcome with coolers yet to exceed the efficiencies required. Nanotechnology-enabled heat sinks that can be magnetophoretically formed onto the hot spots within a microfluidic environment are presented. CrO2 nanoparticles, which are dynamically chained and docked onto the hot spots, establish tuneable high-aspect-ratio nanofins for the heat exchange between these hot spots and the liquid coolant. These nanofins can also be grown and released on demand, absorbing and releasing the heat from the hot spots into the microfluidic system. It is shown that both high aspect ratio and flexibility of the fins have a dramatic effect on increasing the heat sinking efficiency. The system has the potential to offer a practical cooling solution for future electronics.

Dynamic nanofin heat sinks

A review of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys: Processing, microstructure, property and developing trends

Experimental investigation for enhanced ferrofluid heat transfer under magnetic field effect

Dissimilar welding of carbon steel to 5754 aluminum alloy by nd:yag pulsed laser

The thermal conductivity of water base ferrofluids under magnetic field

Weld metal microstructural characteristics in pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding

It is a known fact that 2024 aluminium alloy is susceptible to solidification cracking in the weld metal and liquation cracking in the base metal when welded with fusion processes. The main purpose of this study is investigating whether these two types of cracks act independently or are related with each other in terms of initiation and propagation as this can lead to enhancing the understanding of the hot cracking phenomena in these alloys. Laser welding whether continuous or pulsed has promising outlooks for welding heat treatable aluminium alloys. But the fast heating and cooling rates involved in pulsed laser welding give rise to unique successively repeating microstructural features which provides an interesting base for studying the cracks. Thus, the experimentation involved Nd:YAG pulsed laser welding of 2024 aluminium alloy. The observations indicate that liquation cracks in the partially melted zone of wrought base metal have strong association with solidification cracks in the weld metal and accordingly it is proposed that the liquation cracks act as a strong initiation sites for solidification cracks. It is also shown that healing of liquated grain boundaries through backfilling can have a significant role on resistance to liquation cracking in the partially melted zone and that in turn can affect tendency for solidification cracking in the weld metal.

Jamshid Sabbaghzadeh

Papers

Experimental investigation for enhanced ferrofluid heat transfer under magnetic field effect

Dissimilar welding of carbon steel to 5754 aluminum alloy by nd:yag pulsed laser

The thermal conductivity of water base ferrofluids under magnetic field

Weld metal microstructural characteristics in pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding

The relation between liquation and solidification cracks in pulsed laser welding of 2024 aluminium alloy