An experimental technique is described for observing the effects of switching transients in digital MOS circuits that perturb analog circuits integrated on the same die by means of coupling through the substrate Various approaches to reducing substrate crosstalk (the use of physical separation of analog and digital circuits, guard rings, and a low-inductance substrate bias) are evaluated experimentally for a CMOS technology with a substrate comprising an epitaxial layer grown on a heavily doped bulk wafer Observations indicate that reducing the inductance in the substrate bias is the most effective Device simulations are used to show how crosstalk propagates via the heavily doped bulk and to predict the nature of substrate crosstalk in CMOS technologies integrated in uniform, lightly doped bulk substrates, showing that in such cases the substrate noise is highly dependent on layout geometry A method of including substrate effects in SPICE simulations for circuits fabricated on epitaxial, heavily doped substrates is developed >

Experimental Results and Modeling Techniques for Substrate Noise in Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits

Optical modulators on silicon promise to deliver ultralow power communication networks between or within computer chips. Here, the authors demonstrate a silicon modulator operating with less than one femtojoule energy and are able to compensate for thermal drift over a 7.5 °C temperature range.

/pdf/an-ultralow-power-athermal-silicon-modulator-53z9qkvxfh.pdf

An ultralow power athermal silicon modulator

https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/10945/24839/1/singlesidebandtr00elli.pdf

Single sideband transmission by envelope elimination and restoration.

Facilitating Cooperation for Wireless Systems Cooperative Communications: Hardware, Channel & PHY focuses on issues pertaining to the PHY layer of wireless communication networks, offering a rigorous taxonomy of this dispersed field, along with a range of application scenarios for cooperative and distributed schemes, demonstrating how these techniques can be employed. The authors discuss hardware, complexity and power consumption issues, which are vital for understanding what can be realized at the PHY layer, showing how wireless channel models differ from more traditional models, and highlighting the reliance of PHY algorithm performance on the underlying channel models. Numerous transparent and regenerative relaying protocols are described in detail for a variety of transparent and regenerative cooperative schemes. Key Features: Introduces background, concepts, applications, milestones and thorough taxonomy Identifies the potential in this emerging technology applied to e.g. LTE/WiMAX, WSN Discusses latest wireless channel models for transparent and regenerative protocols Addresses the fundamentals as well as latest emerging PHY protocols Introduces transparent distributed STBC, STTC, multiplexing and beamforming protocols Quantifies regenerative distributed space-time, channel and network coding protocols Explores system optimization, such as distributed power allocation and relay selection Introduces and compares analog and digital hardware architectures Quantifies complexity, memory and power consumption of 3G UMTS & 4G LTE/WiMAX relay Highlights future research challenges within the cooperative communications field This book is an invaluable guide for professionals and researchers in communications fields. It will also be of interest to graduates of communications and electronic engineering courses. It forms part of an entire series dedicated to cooperative wireless systems.

Cooperative Communications: Hardware, Channel and PHY

This expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Thomas H. Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits features a completely new chapter on the principles of wireless systems. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded as well. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs that bring together all the various theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. First Edition Hb (1998): 0-521-63061-4 First Edition Pb (1998); 0-521-63922-0

The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits: RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES

RF Receiver Requirements for 3G W-CDMA Mobile Equipment

A pattern-reconfigurable Yagi–Uda antenna based on liquid metal is presented. The antenna consists of a balun-fed active dipole and a pair of stretchable passive parasitic dipoles, which are implemented by eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy embedded in microfluidic channels. The parasitic dipoles are driven at each end by two low-cost, three-dimensional printed media rods. Afterward, spinning the rods at different angles leads to varying degrees of stretching upon the stretchable dipoles. Note the length of passive parasitic dipoles is a vital factor for antenna radiation reconfiguration. The antenna exhibits bidirectional radiation if the parasitic dipoles are equal in length. Otherwise, directional radiation toward the shorter parasitic dipole direction can be obtained. Based on the above-mentioned working principle, a pattern-reconfigurable antenna working in wireless local area network (WLAN) band is fabricated and measured. Apart from the reconfigurable capability, the proposed antenna keeps operating in the WLAN band of 2.4–2.48 GHz during the whole shape deformation.

Pattern-Reconfigurable Yagi–Uda Antenna Based on Liquid Metal

A 0.18 mum CMOS low power ring VCO for 3-5 GHz FM-UWB system applications is presented. In order to achieve a 1 GHz ultra-wide tuning range while retaining a low power consumption the conventional ring configuration is modified. A detailed analysis of the proposed VCO configuration is presented in terms of oscillating frequency, control performance and phase noise performance. During the design phase several tradeoffs were made between power consumption, phase noise and tuning range. Measurement shows that the proposed VCO configuration can provide a tuning range of 1.4 GHZ at 2.7-4.1 GHz while offering a -70 dBc/Hz phase noise level at a 1 MHz frequency offset. The VCO furthermore shows a good tuning linearity. In total the circuit consumes 9.5 mW

A 0.18um CMOS Low Power Ring VCO with 1 GHZ Tuning Range for 3-5 GHZ FM-UWB Applications

This letter proposes a UWB pulse generator topology featuring low peak power dissipation for applications with strin- gent instantaneous power requirements. This is accomplished by employing a new slow-charge fast-discharge approach to extend the time duration of the generator's peak current so that the peak value of the current is significantly reduced, while maintaining the waveform of the generated UWB pulse signal. A prototype pulse generator has been implemented using the UMC CMOS process for validation. The pulse generator offers a 3-10 GHz bandwidth, a maximum pulse repetitive rate of 1 Gpps, a minimum peak power consumption of 6 mW, and a low energy consumption of 5 pJ/pulse. The fabricated pulse generator measures .

/pdf/a-3-10-ghz-ir-uwb-cmos-pulse-generator-with-6-mw-peak-power-50bvo9orii.pdf

A 3-10 GHz IR-UWB CMOS Pulse Generator With 6-mW Peak Power Dissipation Using A Slow-Charge Fast-Discharge Technique

The coupling effects between two adjacent co-planar spiral inductors are characterized in two cases, one where no guard structure is used and one where simple guard-rings are used. In addition, the effect of guard-rings is evaluated at different distances (190 /spl mu/m to 1090 /spl mu/m) between inductors. The model traditionally used to predict this crosstalk is found to be insufficient and an extended model including mutual inductive coupling and direct capacitive coupling is shown to provide accurate fit. Measuring low levels of crosstalk is difficult and in this context the effect of the test fixture itself is evaluated. Return current paths are here found to have significant influence on low frequency results. Also, based on laser cutting of test fixtures, a surrounding ground-ring is found to increase the crosstalk level. The use of simple guard-rings is shown to improve isolation by approximately 10-15 dB for closely spaced adjacent inductors. At larger distances the gain from having a guard-ring reduces and eventually reduces to zero at a distance of 1000 /spl mu/m. For closely spaced devices a doubling of distance is found to provide an additional 20 dB attenuation of crosstalk.

Jan H. Mikkelsen

Papers

RF Receiver Requirements for 3G W-CDMA Mobile Equipment

Pattern-Reconfigurable Yagi–Uda Antenna Based on Liquid Metal

A 0.18um CMOS Low Power Ring VCO with 1 GHZ Tuning Range for 3-5 GHZ FM-UWB Applications

A 3-10 GHz IR-UWB CMOS Pulse Generator With 6-mW Peak Power Dissipation Using A Slow-Charge Fast-Discharge Technique

Crosstalk coupling effects of CMOS co-planar spiral inductors