Metabolic syndrome is a condition of at least three of the cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, excessive visceral fat storage, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia or Type 2 diabetes. It is a state of insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death globally. Certain dietary components and over 800 plants help prevent or moderate metabolic syndrome by assisting the body homeostasis mechanisms. This review compiles the most current studies on foods that help fight metabolic syndrome and the scientific evidences to support their use. This includes functional fats, digestive enzymes inhibitors, various beverages, different fruits, specific vegetables, grains, legumes, herbs and spices that can reduce cardiovascular disease risk, through several cellular mechanisms.

Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease

Background Ohmic Heating (OH) technology is a heating process wherein electric current is passed through the food acting as an electrical resistor, converting the electrical energy into thermal energy. This fact results in shorter heating times compared to the conventional process, which promotes some advantages, such as, the maintenance highest levels of nutritional compounds, the uniformness in heating system and the reduction in fouling formation. The success of the process depends on the parameters related to the food and process itself, such as, frequency, electrical field strength, residence time and electrical conductivity. Scope and approach This review aims to describe the main factors and parameters involved in this technology, highlighting its effects on quality, microbial inactivation, and fouling during processing of dairy products. Key findings and conclusions Due to the more rapid and uniform heating, the OH technology has advantages over the conventional processes, such as maintenance of nutritional compounds and reduction of fouling, which are important factors in the dairy products processing. In addition, there are additional effects of electroporation on microbial cells, which promotes further microorganisms inactivation which are problematic for safety of dairy foods.

Ohmic heating in dairy processing: Relevant aspects for safety and quality

Cow milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in early childhood and often persists through adult life, forcing an individual to a complete elimination diet. Milk proteins are present in uncounted food products, such as cheese, yogurt, or bakery item, exposing allergic persons to a constant threat. Many efforts have been made to overcome this global problem and to improve the life quality of allergic individuals. First, proper and reliable food labeling is fundamental for consumers, but the verification of its compliance is also needed, which should rely on accurate and sensitive analytical methods to detect milk allergens in processed foods. At the same time, strategies to reduce milk allergenicity, such as immunotherapy or the use of food processing techniques to modify allergen structure, have to be extensively studied. Recent research findings on the applicability of food processing, such as heat treatment, fermentation, or high pressure, have revealed great potential in reducing milk allergenicity. In this review, significant research advances on cow milk allergy are explored, focusing on prevalence, diagnosis, and therapy. Molecular characterization of cow milk allergens and cross-reactivity with other nonbovine milk species are described, as well as the effects of processing, food matrix, and digestibility on milk allergenicity. Additionally, analytical methods for the detection of milk allergens in food are described, from immunoassays and mass spectrometry methods for protein analysis to real-time polymerase chain reaction for DNA analysis.

Bovine Milk Allergens: A Comprehensive Review

This review discusses the past and recent advancements of biosensors focusing on detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) due to their exceptional use during the last decades. Apart from agricultural benefits, OPs also impose adverse toxicological effects on animal and human population. Conventional approaches such as chromatographic techniques used for pesticide detection are associated with several limitations. A biosensor technology is unique due to the detection sensitivity, selectivity, remarkable performance capabilities, simplicity and on-site operation, fabrication and incorporation with nanomaterials. This study also provided specifications of the most OPs biosensors reported until today based on their transducer system. In addition, we highlighted the application of advanced complementary materials and analysis techniques in OPs detection systems. The availability of these new materials associated with new sensing techniques has led to introduction of easy-to-use analytical tools of high sensitivity and specificity in the design and construction of OPs biosensors. In this review, we elaborated the achievements in sensing systems concerning innovative nanomaterials and analytical techniques with emphasis on OPs.

Biosensors and their applications in detection of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound processing (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min at 400 W, 25 kHz frequency) on the total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit juice. The microstructural characteristics of treated kiwifruit samples were also measured. The results reveal that the total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of treated samples (16 min) significantly increased by 108.65%, 105.56%, and 65.67%, respectively compared to the control group. However, 16-min ultrasound treatment significantly decreased the total protein and ascorbic acid in kiwifruit juice. Microstructure measurement states the formation of microscopic channels or holes, cell walls rupture, torn and tissue distortion after ultrasound processing, which reveals the physical mechanism of ultrasound treatment in improving the extraction of bioactive molecules. These findings indicate that high-intensity ultrasound has an enormous potential to increase these bioactive molecules and antioxidants capacity of kiwifruit samples.

High-intensity ultrasound processing of kiwifruit juice: Effects on the ascorbic acid, total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity

Relationships between sire effect, milk production in young cows and their productive longevity.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) on live weight loss and selected blood parameters in goat kids after transportation to the slaughterhouse. The study was performed with goat kids that were weaned at 30 days of age and divided into two groups (GK): a control group and an experimental group whose diet was supplemented with HMB (at 50 mg kg−1 of BW) for 60 consecutive days. At the [...]

https://www.rbz.org.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1806-9290-rbz-49-e20200035/1806-9290-rbz-49-e20200035.pdf

Effect of dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on stress parameters in goat kids

Relationships between the performance traits of Holstein-Friesian primiparous cows and the genetic variants of selected milk proteins.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative agent of subclinical bovine mastitis worldwide. The aim of this research was to study the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms. Additionally, we examined the genes involved in cell resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics. Samples were collected from December 2020 to May 2021 from Simmental and black-and-white cows. The study was carried out on a total number of 643 cows, of which 278 (23 %) were in the subclinical mastitis stage. Finally, 64 S. aureus isolates were isolated and identified. The highest level of phenotypic resistance was observed to antibiotics of the tetracycline (tetracycline - 48.4 %, doxycycline - 32.8 %) and β -lactam (ampicillin - 45.3 %, penicillin - 45.3 %) groups. The genes encoding antibiotic resistance were characterized with the polymerase chain reaction method: blaZ in 30 isolates, mecA in 1 isolate, ermC in 15 isolates, aph (3) in 2 isolates, tetK in 19 isolates, tetM in 9 isolates. The tested S. aureus isolates had the ability to form biofilms in 76.6 % ( 49 / 64 ) of cases. Of these, 69.4 % were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The obtained results have shown that S. aureus, identified in cows with subclinical mastitis, was resistant mainly to tetracycline and β -lactam antibiotics. In addition, S. aureus isolates expressed resistance genes to the above drugs and had the ability to form biofilm. This study will help to identify the extent of antibiotic resistance and monitor S. aureus contamination of raw milk.

Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cows at the stage of subclinical mastitis in northern Kazakhstan.

Jan Miciński

Papers

Relationships between sire effect, milk production in young cows and their productive longevity.

Effect of dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on stress parameters in goat kids

Relationships between the performance traits of Holstein-Friesian primiparous cows and the genetic variants of selected milk proteins.

Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cows at the stage of subclinical mastitis in northern Kazakhstan.

Comparison of the productivity of primiparous cows and their daughters depending on milk protein genetic variants.