Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

Sustainable Development Goals

A significant and core text in occupational therapy for more than 8 years, Dr Ann Wilcock's revolutionary "An Occupational Perspective of Health" has been updated and enhanced into a much-anticipated Second Edition This unique text that examines the relationship between occupation, health, and ill-health explores the occupational experience within populations and offers more information critical to the practice of occupational therapy Based on extensive studies of human history and occupation, Dr Wilcock takes a holistic approach of health in line with that of the World Health Organization, examining the necessity for occupational therapists and their role in promoting health and well-being for all people "An Occupational Perspective of Health" uncovers a different way to understand health by exploring the physical, social, mental, environmental, and spiritual dimensions that lead to or result from occupation Dr Wilcock takes a global perspective by approaching health from this angle, rather than just considering medical or social factors The text considers the growth, development, and enhancement potential of involvement This valuable resource supports and explains the historical and rational foundations of the advancing field of occupational therapy, by showing the link between occupation and existence Addressed in this edition are: a conceptualization of health in the past, present, and future; the role of occupation in human life, health, and survival; occupation as a positive or negative influence on well-being; the potential contribution of occupational therapy to current WHO public/population health objectives; and possible action for OTs to become recognized as health-promoting professionals at population levels Clinicians and students of occupational therapy, as well as other professionals working in public health, will benefit from and relate to this admired and essential text

An Occupational Perspective of Health

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by disclosing that she lectured to occupational therapy students, the respondents may have partially shaped their accounts to legitimise her interests and role. Regarding recommended further work, interviews would allow more detailed inquiry into these women's life histories, particularly to explore their initial motivation to try a craft activity following illness or diagnosis, because this could be of value to occupational therapists conceptualising treatment options. Many studies have examined how individuals with a common illness (such as multiple sclerosis) cope. This study has, instead, taken a shared coping activity and examined its role in the life of individuals with a variety of chronic conditions. Although comprising many adaptable and varied elements, some common benefits emerge, particularly restoring selfesteem and relief from negative emotions. The activity seems potent on several psychological levels. Many of the respondents described discovering (or re-discovering) needlecraft in their adult years, which suggests that adults can be open to innovations in their leisure pursuits. This may provide occupational therapists with further confidence that craftwork introduced to clients may have longterm therapeutic value. These accounts also indicate that the potential of leisure counselling to help those newly diagnosed with a chronic illness should be further investigated.

Book Review: Enabling Occupation: An Occupational Therapy Perspective:

Instead, a number of other terms were used such as task, work or function (Polatajko, 2001). The term used most frequently to describe our practice for much of our history was activity. It was used as a substitute for the term occupation in almost every circumstance, except in our title. The advantage of the term activity was that its meaning was rarely confused with work or vocation. The disadvantage was that it was often associated with keeping busy or busy work (Polatajko, 2001) and was devoid of any concepts of purposefulness or meaningfulness. Further, the term activity was "... overly broad (e.g., volcanic activity, intestinal activity) ..." (Nelson, 1996, p. 778) and therefore was considered to add little clarity to the understanding of what we do. During the latter part of the last millennium the term occupation was reintroduced as a defining concept for the profession (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 1995; CAOT, 1997). Unfortunately, the reintroduction of the term occupation was not paralleled by a specification of its use; rather all manner of human activity, regardless of degree of complexity, was referred to as an occupation, for example: accountancy (Hagedorn, 2000), report writing (Law et al., 1996), and tea-drinking (Hannam, 1997). Indeed, Nelson (1997) argued for the exclusive use of the term occupation, calling for a ban on the use of the term activity. This was not only a radical solution for our language dilemma, but also an unworkable one. Describing everything our clients do, including cutting their food, makes communication with our clients, colleagues and the public very difficult, if not nonsensical. No one term, be it function, task, work, activity, or occupation, is enough for our profession to discuss and understand human occupation. Our interest in human occupation addresses numerous levels ranging from movement at a single joint, to integration into the workplace. Using one A t the end of the last century Canadian occupational therapy claimed occupation as its core concept and the enablement of occupation as its primary goal (Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists [CAOT], 1997). In the call for papers for this special issue on occupation I noted that with this action we took on the responsibility for building the body of knowledge in occupation and its enablement. A first step in meeting this responsibility is to clarify the language used to discuss and understand the phenomenon of human occupation. There are numerous scholarly reasons for doing this, and, more importantly, numerous practical reasons. Picture this situation: You walk into a client’s room at mealtime, introduce yourself and say: "I’m your occupational therapist and ..." Before you can explain what you do, the client interjects, "I’m in no condition to think about going back to work just yet. I can’t do anything; I can’t even cut my own food." You respond with your familiar refrain: "Occupational therapists have a wide view of occupation. We consider everything people do to be an occupation; cutting your food is an occupation". The client looks puzzled.

Meeting the Responsibility that Comes with the Privilege: Introducing a Taxonomic Code for Understanding Occupation:

Although child development has been examined by various disciplines for over a century, very little is known specifically about how children's occupations develop over time. In order to begin to address this significant gap in the literature, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted to examine children's doings. Twelve in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with members of six families: eight girls aged 6 to 12, and six parents. Two themes emerged from the data: reasons for engagement in or why children do the things they do (opportunities, resources, motivations, parental views and values), and the process by which children's occupations come to be established (innate drive, exposure, initiation, continuation, transformation, cessation, and outcomes). The Process for Establishing Children's Occupations (PECO), comprised of specific influences and process stages, is offered as a preliminary model for understanding the process of and influences on occupational development.

Occupational Development: Towards an Understanding of Children's Doing

Purpose. This study was part of a larger mixed methods project aimed at adapting the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) treatment approach, originally designed for children with performance problems, for use with adults with stroke. In CO-OP, the client focuses on learning strategies and skills, rather than on remediating impairments. Therapists use guided discovery to teach cognitive strategy use. The purpose of this study was to explore participants' experiences with the approach.Method. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five participants. Transcriptions were coded by two members of the research team. Data analysis was conducted in two distinct phases: Directed content analysis was conducted to apply codes to predetermined categories; Thematic analysis was conducted to allow themes grounded in the data to emerge.Results. Participants reported learning and transferring the strategies taught, and made suggestions for modifications to the approach, such as increasin...

'There's a real plan here, and I am responsible for that plan': participant experiences with a novel cognitive-based treatment approach for adults living with chronic stroke.

Background.Foundational to the occupational therapy profession is the belief that engagement in occupation is health promoting; however, this belief fails to account for occupational engagement tha...

Toward the reconceptualization of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being.

Work-life balance has become a topic of increasing interest in the media as well as a concern among working Canadians. Since print media discourse can both reflect and shape societal values, cultural norms and ideals of workers in this country, it is important to understand this representation and its potential influence on the occupational engagement and life transitions of Canadian workers. Articles from four major Canadian newspapers published between 2003 and 2005 were used as data sources to examine the media construction of "work-life balance". Thematic analysis of 100 articles was performed using a modified affinity diagramming process. Representations within the Canadian print media conveyed both themes pertaining to the perceived experiences of imbalance and balance, as well as, a process of life balance. Obtaining balance was portrayed as an ongoing process during which an individual negotiates and sacrifices in an attempt to achieve his or her ideal level of balance. Environmental expectations and individual practices and perceptions were conveyed as reasons for the success or derailment of balance. The representations of work-life balance found in the Canadian print media were predominantly of professionals, focused on the demands of work and family, and did not appear to be a broad representation of the multiple realities that all Canadians face.

Jane A. Davis

Papers

Meeting the Responsibility that Comes with the Privilege: Introducing a Taxonomic Code for Understanding Occupation:

Occupational Development: Towards an Understanding of Children's Doing

'There's a real plan here, and I am responsible for that plan': participant experiences with a novel cognitive-based treatment approach for adults living with chronic stroke.

Toward the reconceptualization of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being.

The representations of work-life balance in Canadian newspapers