Preface Introduction 1. Fluid field equations and modal analysis in rigid containers 2. Linear forced sloshing 3. Viscous damping and sloshing suppression devices 4. Weakly nonlinear lateral sloshing 5. Equivalent mechanical models 6. Parametric sloshing (Faraday's waves) 7. Dynamics of liquid sloshing impact 8. Linear interaction of liquid sloshing with elastic containers 9. Nonlinear interaction under external and parametric excitations 10. Interactions with support structures and tuned sloshing absorbers 11. Dynamics of rotating fluids 12. Microgravity sloshing dynamics Bibliography Index.

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Liquid Sloshing Dynamics

In this paper it is explained how the damping can be estimated using the Frequency Domain Decomposition technique for output-only modal identification, i.e. in the case where the modal parameters is to be estimated without knowing the forces exciting the system. Also it is explained how the natural frequencies can be accurately estimated without being limited by the frequency resolution of the discrete Fourier transform. It is explained how the spectral density matrix is decomposed into a set of single degree of freedom systems, and how the individual SDOF auto spectral density functions are transformed back to time domain to identify damping and frequency. The technique is illustrated on a simple simulation case with 2 closely spaced modes. On this example it is illustrated how the identification is influenced by very closely spacing, by non-orthogonal modes, and by correlated input. The technique is further illustrated on the output-only identification of the Great Belt Bridge. On this example it is shown bow the damping is identified on a weakly exited mode and a closely spaced mode.

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Damping Estimation by Frequency Domain Decomposition

A numerical study of three-dimensional liquid sloshing in tanks

Ambient vibration re-testing and operational modal analysis of the Humber Bridge

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a relatively new paradigm for civil infrastructure stakeholders including operators, consultants and contractors which has in the last two decades witnessed an acceleration of academic and applied research in related areas such as sensing technology, system identification, data mining and condition assessment. SHM has a wide range of applications including, but not limited to, diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. However, when it comes to practical applications, stakeholders usually need answers to basic and pragmatic questions about in-service performance, maintenance and management of a structure which the technological advances are slow to address. Typical among the mismatch of expectation and capability is the topic of vibration-based monitoring (VBM), which is a subset of SHM. On the one hand there is abundant reporting of exercises using vibration data to locate damage in highly controlled laboratory conditions or in numerical simulations, while the real test of a reliable and cost effective technology is operation on a commercial basis. Such commercial applications are hard to identify, with the vast majority of implementations dealing with data collection and checking against parameter limits. In addition there persists an unhelpful association between VBM and ‘damage detection’ among some civil infrastructure stakeholders in UK and North America, due to unsuccessful transfer of technology from the laboratory to the field, and this has resulted in unhealthy industry scepticism which hinders acceptance of successful technologies. Hence the purpose of this paper is showcase successful VBM applications and to make the case that VBM does provide valuable information in real world applications when used appropriately and without unrealistic expectations.

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Jannette Frandsen

Papers

Sloshing motions in excited tanks

Simultaneous pressures and accelerations measured full-scale on the Great Belt East suspension bridge

Numerical predictions of tuned liquid tank structural systems

Numerical bridge deck studies using finite elements. Part I: flutter

Simulation of sloshing motions in fixed and vertically excited containers using a 2-D inviscid σ-transformed finite difference solver