The Leporidae constitutes the biggest family in the order Lagomorpha; it includes 62 species of smallto mediumsized mammals, the rabbits and hares (Ge et al. 2013, Wilson et al. 2016). The original geographic range of this family before its members were translocated by humans was worldwide with the exception of Oceania, southern South America, and Antarctica (Alves et al. 2008). This geographic range reflected the family’s palaeontological origin in Asia from which they began radiating and colonising North America, Europe, and Africa (LopezMartinez REVIEW

The roles of leporid species that have been translocated: a review of their ecosystem effects as native and exotic species

Zinc, aluminium, tin and Bis-phenol a in canned tuna fish commercialized in Lebanon and its human health risk assessment.

In order to prepare a complementary guideline in nutritional quality for selecting an appropriate market-size rainbow trout, proximate composition, fatty acids' profile and sensory properties of most available market-size trout with three different average weight of 225±25 (low weight, LW), 350±30 (medium weight, MW) and 480±30 g (high weight, HW) were evaluated. Lipid and protein contents showed a tendency to increase with weight. The ratios of n−6/n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (1.01–1.59) in present study were lower than the recommended harmful value of n−6/n−3 PUFAs ratio (4.0 at maximum). In general n−3 PUFAs, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels indicated a tendency to decrease with weight. Also, with increasing weight, increasing trends of DHA/EPA and n−6/n−3 PUFAs ratios were found. Lower atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) values were observed in HW and MW trout in comparison with LW trout (P<0.05). There was no significant differ...

Differentiation of common marketable-size rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) based on nutritional and dietetic traits: a comparative study

Studies indicate that the soil, water and consequently foodstuffs in Serbia are significantly poor in zinc (Zn), and thus, it is likely that there is a Zn deficiency in the Serbian population. This study examined the Zn status in multiple clinical samples, including body fluids (serum, cerebrospinal fluid), whole blood and Zn-rich solid tissues (thyroid and brain tissue). Differences between sex and age were also considered, and comparative analysis of Zn status with other world populations was performed. Serum samples from a large number of Serbian adults approximately had twofold lower Zn amounts when compared to other populations. A similar trend was obtained for whole blood. Males had significantly higher amounts of Zn in serum, whole blood and thyroid tissue samples than females. Higher amounts of Zn were observed in the group older than 50 years. Importantly, in thyroid and brain tissues, Zn was 10- and 20-fold lower, respectively, than reported in the literature. Our results indicate that the population in Serbia could be considered Zn deficient. Therefore, adequate oral Zn supplementation and/or foodstuff fortification should be considered to prevent the deleterious effects caused by Zn deficiency.

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Possible zinc deficiency in the Serbian population: examination of body fluids, whole blood and solid tissues

The Danube River basin represents a hotspot for the European freshwater diversity. The Danube in Serbia is characterized by a significant level of fish diversity, as well as by economically important fish resources. However, the Danube fish fauna is facing a number of adverse anthropogenic impacts, such as unsustainable fishery, habitat loss and fragmentation, water pollution and non-native species invasions. In this chapter, the major adverse impacts on the Danube fish communities in Serbia are presented, and the critical management measures are discussed, such as those related to supportive stocking and other conservation efforts. In order to ensure adequate protection and sustainable management of fish resources in the Danube in Serbia, it will be critical to introduce effective monitoring system, to establish and enforce adequate management measures, and to intensify research efforts on critical issues related to fish management and conservation.

Human Impacts on Fish Fauna in the Danube River in Serbia: Current Status and Ecological Implications

Human health risks and benefits assessment based on OCPs, PCBs, toxic elements and fatty acids in the pelagic fish species from the Adriatic Sea.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe in three canned fish species marketed Serbia to see if they meet recommended daily intake requirements or exceed safety limits. We collected a total of 207 samples of canned tuna, sardine, and mackerel, in oil or tomato sauce and analysed them with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion. The highest levels were obtained for Zn (15.1 mg kg-1) and Cu (1.37 mg kg-1) in sardine in oil and tomato sauce, respectively, and for Fe (18.98 mg kg-1) in mackerel in tomato sauce. Our results keep within the ranges reported by several national food databases and available literature data, with a few exceptions. Our findings also single out canned sardines as the richest source of the three essential elements combined. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the three essential elements, however, was subpar, and ranged between 0.14 % and 0.72 % of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Zn, Cu, and Fe.

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Canned sea fish marketed in Serbia: their zinc, copper, and iron levels and contribution to the dietary intake.

Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchys mykiss) is well known fish species in the nature. Changes in proximate composition of fish meat are associated with age and size of fish. Cholesterol content in animal tissues is associated with feeding method and quality of food, in spite of regulatory mechanism of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Objective of this study was determination and comparison of proximate composition, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile of fingerlings and marketable size rainbow trout from aquaculture. Samples of fingerlings (average mass of 99 g and length of 18.6 cm) and marketable size rainbow trout (average mass of 229 g and length of 23.3 cm) were collected in August 2010, in the fishpond 'Ribnik', Mrkonjic city, Republic Srpska - Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fingerlings and marketable size rainbow trout were fed complete mixture of similar composition for both fish categories (fish products, oils and fats, cereal products and oil seeds). Obtained results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in the content of total lipids (3.81%, fingerlings and 4.17%, marketable size trout) and ash (1.27%, fingerlings and 1.29%, marketable size trout). Higher protein content was determined in marketable size trout fillets (18.69%), as well as lower water content (75.40%) compared to their content in fingerlings (17.72% proteins and 77.11% water). Cholesterol content was 82.59 mg/100g (fingerlings) and 70.12 mg/100g (marketable size trout). Statistically significant differences (p 0.05) in content of total n-6 fatty acids in fingerlings (16.76%) and marketable size fish (17.58%). Higher quantities of n-3 PUFA in fingerlings (17.17%) and commercial trout (19.20%) and lower quantities of n-6 PUFA (16.76% in fingerlings and 17.58% in marketable size trout) resulted in favourable n-3/n-6 ratio (1.02 in fingerlings and 1.09 in commercial trout). Content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) was 2.78% and 8.21% in fingerlings and 3.36% and 9.29% in marketable size fish, respectively. Content of EPA+DHA in total fatty acids was 10.99% in fingerlings and 12.65% in marketable size rainbow trout. By consumption 200 g of this fish intake of desirable fatty acids, EPA and DHA, is 0.84 g in fingerlings, and 1.06 g in marketable size rainbow trout, which is in accordance with recommendation of the American Heart Association for persons with cardiovascular disease (daily intake: in total 1g EPA and DHA). Trout growth was accompanied by increase of the protein content, decrease of the water content and increase in content of PUFA especially n-3 essential fatty acids. Due to significant content of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids and lower amounts of fat, rainbow trout can be considered as one of the most valuable food stuffs in human nutrition.

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Fingerlings and marketable size rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): proximate composition, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile in fillets.

The distribution and contents of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in Bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and Barbel (Barbus barbus) from the Danube River, near Batajnica. The analysed compounds were 16 OCPs (α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (δ-HCH), Heptachlor, Aldrin, cis-Heptachloroepoxide (cis-HCE), trans-Heptachloroepoxide (trans-HCE), γ-Chlordane, p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), α-Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endrin, p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroethane (p,p'-DDT)) and 7 PCB congeners (IUPAC numbers 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180, 118). Determination and quantification of OCPs and PCBs were performed by a GC-ECD method. The proximate composition of fish fillets was determined by applying standard SRPS ISO methods. The statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the OCPs content in Bream and Barbel, as well as between PCBs content in the analyzed fish filets. Among all analyzed pesticides, both fish contained the highest amounts of ΣDDT (expressed as sum of p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD), (13.8 ng/g fish - Bream, 2.6 ng/g fish - Barbel). The sum of PCB congeners in Bream filets (40.8 ng/g fish) was significantly higher than in Barbel filets (7.2 ng/g fish). Results of Student's t-test (p = 0.05) showed the differences in the content of lipids, moisture, ash and calculated energy value between the analyzed fish filets. Four times higher fat content in Bream (4.25%) than in Barbel (1.07%) is one of the main reasons for higher content of OCPs and PCBs in Bream compared to Barbel, which were taken from the same location (The Danube River, Batajnica).

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Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in two spices of fish from Danube.

The aim of the study was to establish the differences between chemical parameters of shelf life of unpackaged beef tenderloin and beef tenderloin packed in vacuum. Beef tenderloin used in the experiment, derived from 3 Simmental young cattle of average weight of 400 kg, which were slaughtered in an industrial slaughterhouse. Dynamics of sample testing was: day 1 (after packaging), day 7, 14, 21 and 28. During storage, the packaged and unpackaged beef was tested in respect to chemical parameters that would indicate the hydrolytic and oxidative changes. The aw value, pH, acid number, TBA(Tiobarbituric acid) and TVB-N (Total volatile basic nitrogen) values were examined. The highest aw values were measured on day 21 of testing, in samples of packaged tenderloin from the first and third cycle, while the lowest aw value was recorded on day 21 in samples of packed tenderloin from the second test cycle. All of the samples showed a decrease in pH during the first 7 days, after which the pH value increased and in 14 day it was similar in packaged and unpackaged meat samples. During the investigated study period, acid value showed a permanent and rapid increase in the unpackaged meat in relation to sluggish increase, which was registered in the packaged meat. Based on the content of malondialdehyde (MAL) the vacuum packed beef tenderloin, in all three cycles, on day 1 of the test showed no presence of secondary oxidation products. In the first two cycles of testing, from the 7 to 21 days, the amount of MAL increased, and in the third cycle, on day 7 and 14 of the test, the significant increase in the MAL content was determined, while on day 21 and 28 of the test, its content significantly decreased. The quantity of TVB-N, on day 1 of the test, in all three cycles of the tested samples of packaged and unpackaged beef tenderloin, was similar, but on day 14 of testing, the content of TVB-N in unpackaged tenderloin was higher compared to the vacuum packaged tenderloin, what indicated to a faster protein degradation in unpackaged meat compared to the vacuum packaged meat. When the results obtained for the chemical parameters from the all three cycles are taken into accounts, it can be concluded that the shelf life of the unpacked beef was 14 days and for vaccum packed tenderloin 21 days.

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Jasna Đinović-Stojanović

Papers

Human health risks and benefits assessment based on OCPs, PCBs, toxic elements and fatty acids in the pelagic fish species from the Adriatic Sea.

Canned sea fish marketed in Serbia: their zinc, copper, and iron levels and contribution to the dietary intake.

Fingerlings and marketable size rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): proximate composition, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile in fillets.

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in two spices of fish from Danube.

The effect of vacuum packaging on chemical changes in chilled beef.