An electric power tool comprises a main body supporting a tool and an electric motor housed in the main body for driving the tool. A plurality of first battery interfaces is configured to removably receive or attach a plurality of first battery packs and to electrically connect the plurality of attached first battery packs in series with the electric motor. A plurality of indicators is configured to communicate information concerning the respective conditions of the plurality of attached first battery packs. The plurality of indicators is arranged such that all of the indicators are simultaneously viewable by a user of the electric power tool.

Electric tool powered by a plurality of battery packs and adapter therefor

A locomotive is provided that includes: a receiver operable to receiving a locating signal, the locating signal indicating a current spatial location of a selected locomotive and a processor operable to (a) determine that the selected locomotive has entered, is entering, and/or is about to enter a spatial zone having at least one controlled parameter, the controlled parameter being at least one of a fuel combustion emissions level and a noise level and (b) configure the operation of the selected locomotive to comply with the controlled parameter.

Emission management for a hybrid locomotive

In a power supply apparatus for a vehicle, an inverter circuit inputs a voltage from a first battery unit through switches. A smoothing condenser is provided between the first battery unit and the inverter circuit in parallel. A DC-DC converter is provided between the smoothing condenser and a second battery unit to voltage-convert electric energy stored in the first battery unit or the smoothing condenser to supply to the second battery unit, and to voltage-convert electric energy stored in the second battery unit to supply to the smoothing condenser. An electronic control unit controls the DC-DC converter before starting power supply to the inverter circuit, such that the switches are closed after the smoothing condenser is charged to a voltage within a predetermined permission voltage range from the voltage of the first battery unit.

Power supply apparatus and electric vehicle using the same

The present invention is directed to a power control architecture for a vehicle, particularly a locomotive, in which a number of energy sources (105, 111, 115) are connected to a common electrical bus (101, 102) and selectively provide energy to the bus (101, 102) based on the relationship between their respective output voltages and the bus voltage

Locomotive power train architecture

A fuel cell based power supply comprises a main power converter architecture that allows the fuel cell stack to operate independently of a desired output voltage. The fuel cell stack may be directly connected to the main power converter eliminating high current switches and diodes. Switches are operable to selectively power an auxiliary component such as a cooling fan to the fuel cell stack or to a storage device via an auxiliary power converter. A single auxiliary power converter can replace a dedicated cooling fan power supply. The power supply operates in a variety of states.

Power converter architecture and method for integrated fuel cell based power supplies

The invention is designed for vehicles having two electrical power supply systems and corresponding differentiated voltage level charges and two batteries operating at a first and a second voltage level. A bidirectional voltage converter cooperates with both systems whose input and output stages are galvanically insulated and include a switch. The batteries are connected to said input and output at a first and a second voltage level so that said bidirectional converter can provide a first reduced voltage mode and a second increased voltage mode . The passive components, e.g. the magnetic components and capacitances, of said stages have been chosen to provide an identical transitional behavior in both modes when a disruption occurs in the regulating system either in the charge or the input voltage.

Dual voltage electrical distribution system

The invention concerns an electrical direct current (DC-DC) reducing circuit essentially comprising three identical parallel connected (buck) reducer-converters (1) whose MOSFET transistors operate at a fixed switching frequency and are uniformly phase displaced ('interleaving'). The circuit is input protected against short-circuits by means of diodes that are series connected to the inductance of every converter. The circuit is also input protected against voltage surges and output protected against overloads. Transistor switching control is carried out by pulse width modulation (PWM), which is controlled by a proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller receiving output voltage and output current as feedback signals. The converter is especially designed to be installed in an electrical distribution box of a vehicle having two electrical networks with different voltage. The box includes a microprocessor that simultaneously controls the converter and other devices in the vehicle.

Interleaving electrical direct current reducing circuit

The invention relates to a boosting/charging device that comprises a booster-type power stage (3) having an inductor and a controlled switch. Said stage is disposed between the batteries (1 and 2) and comprises a diode (8), a switching transistor (7) and first means (9, 11) which are used to detect the current stored in the inductor. The on/off cycles of said transistor (7) are controlled from second means (13, 14) that consist of a time delay stage which is intended to ensure that the cut-off time of the transistor (7) is constant.

Javier Maixe Altes

Papers

Dual voltage electrical distribution system

Interleaving electrical direct current reducing circuit

Boosting/charging device with rapid charging from a booster battery for a motor vehicle battery and the charging method

Sistema de distribucion electrica de tension dual