Critical review of the methods for monitoring of lithium-ion batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles

An electric power tool comprises a main body supporting a tool and an electric motor housed in the main body for driving the tool. A plurality of first battery interfaces is configured to removably receive or attach a plurality of first battery packs and to electrically connect the plurality of attached first battery packs in series with the electric motor. A plurality of indicators is configured to communicate information concerning the respective conditions of the plurality of attached first battery packs. The plurality of indicators is arranged such that all of the indicators are simultaneously viewable by a user of the electric power tool.

Electric tool powered by a plurality of battery packs and adapter therefor

A battery pack having a plurality of battery pack modules, wherein each battery pack module includes a battery cell and a power converter. The power converters of the plurality of battery pack modules are connected in series to form a string of N battery pack modules such that the voltage across the N battery pack modules defines the output voltage of the battery pack. A controller regulates the output voltage of each battery cell or module power converter and the output voltage of the battery pack by independently controlling each battery cell module in accordance with variables such as state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-health (SOH) and temperature, capacity, and temperature of each individual battery cell module. The power converter may be used to measure impedance of the battery pack by adding a sinusoidal perturbation signal to a reference voltage of the cell battery pack module.

Distributed battery power electronics architecture and control

Recently, increased emissions regulations and a push for less dependence on fossil fuels are factors that have enticed a growth in the market share of alternative energy vehicles. Readily available energy storage systems (ESSs) pose a challenge for the mass market penetration of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs, and EVs. This is mainly due to the high cost of ESS available today. However, tremendous research efforts are going into reducing the cost of these storage devices, increasing their lifespan, and improving their energy density. This paper aims to give an overview of the current state of readily available battery and ultracapacitor (UC) technologies as well as a look ahead toward promising advanced battery chemistries and next generation ESS. Energy management systems and various battery balancing configurations are discussed in addition to battery state/parameter estimation and protection mechanisms. Finally, hybrid ESSs (HESS) are reviewed as a mitigation strategy to the shortcomings of traditional battery and UC technologies. Consideration is given to the combination of advanced battery chemistries with UCs to portray HESS performance, which can meet and exceed the performance of current ESS technologies.

Electrochemical and Electrostatic Energy Storage and Management Systems for Electric Drive Vehicles: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Trends

An electrical junction box ( 10 ) has a main body-side connector ( 40 ) provided in a box body ( 12 ). An attachment body-side connector ( 76 ) is provided in an attachment body ( 14 ) that is separate from the box body ( 12 ) and is connected to the main body-side connector ( 40 ) by rotating the attachment body ( 14 ) on a rotating portion ( 72 ) provided at an end of the attachment body ( 14 ). The rotating portion ( 72 ) is supported by a support ( 30 ) on a side of the box body ( 12 ) opposite to the main body-side connector ( 40 ), and a positioning portion directly positions the main body-side connector ( 40 ) with respect to the upper case ( 20 ).

Electrical junction box

The invention is designed for vehicles having two electrical power supply systems and corresponding differentiated voltage level charges and two batteries operating at a first and a second voltage level. A bidirectional voltage converter cooperates with both systems whose input and output stages are galvanically insulated and include a switch. The batteries are connected to said input and output at a first and a second voltage level so that said bidirectional converter can provide a first reduced voltage mode and a second increased voltage mode . The passive components, e.g. the magnetic components and capacitances, of said stages have been chosen to provide an identical transitional behavior in both modes when a disruption occurs in the regulating system either in the charge or the input voltage.

Dual voltage electrical distribution system

The invention relates to an electrical distribution box (1) for vehicles having two networks (R42, R14) with different voltage levels, comprising centralized signal and power electronic control means (3) that include a microcontroller (21) and electrical protection means disposed on printed circuit boards (20) in a housing that is electrically connected to a least one DC power supply source and to elements of the vehicle At least one voltage converter (5) is integrated into the interior of said distribution box (1) on an independent printed circuit board (10) or in an area different from a control means support plate, said board (10) or differentiated area being located in an area of the housing which is free both on the top and bottom parts Converter (5) electromagnetic shielding means (5) and thermal dissipation means for the support plate of the converter (5) are also provided in the housing

Electrical distribution box for vehicles having two networks with different voltage levels

Based on the measurement of the increase of sinusoidal voltage ΔV=Vmaxsine(2πft) on adding a sinusoidal current ΔI=Imaxsine(2πft+φ) to the battery current, where f is the frequency and Imax, the amplitude of the superimposed current, with whose magnitudes the electrochemical impedance of the battery Z(f)=Vmax/Imaxejφ is calculated, comprising the application of a first sinusoidal signal of prefixed frequency to the battery which generates an alternate voltage component superimposed over the direct one; eliminating the direct component of the response signal; applying a second periodic voltage signal with a frequency identical to that of said first signal and carrying out a synchronous detection of the alternate component generated by the application of said first signal to obtain the voltage proportional to the electrochemical impedance and evaluate the state of health and charge of the battery.

Method for dynamically measuring the state of health and charge of a car battery and device for implementing said method

The mobile element is a vehicle window pane, panel, movable seat or similar, conveniently guided, and driven by a DC electric motor with a permanent magnet, and the method comprises a step of detecting an entrapment or collision situation of the mobile element by means of a first fuzzy logic algorithm, which inputs are the mobile element's position and the increments that may occur in the intensity of the current demanded by said motor, which is evaluated from the relative increase of the current intensity at one turn of the motor and after one next, subsequent turn of the motor. A second fuzzy logic algorithm is used to control the mobile element's velocity, in close loop.

Method of detecting obstructions caused by motor-driven power windows and similar devices using fuzzy logic algorithms

An electrical junction box for an automotive vehicle The junction box includes an upper cover and a lower cover The lower cover may be constructed as a unitary one-piece molded body that defines a plurality of separate terminal cavities Each of the separate terminal cavities is adapted to receive a single wire terminal without a housing connector that has multiple wire-terminal receptacles In addition, the junction box may include an electrical circuit board and a busbar between the upper cover and the lower cover

Jordi Bigorra Vives

Papers

Dual voltage electrical distribution system

Electrical distribution box for vehicles having two networks with different voltage levels

Method for dynamically measuring the state of health and charge of a car battery and device for implementing said method

Method of detecting obstructions caused by motor-driven power windows and similar devices using fuzzy logic algorithms

Electrical Junction Box