Ultrasonic atomizer nozzle assembly for atomizing waste sulfuric acid in a cracking furnace in which the acid feed stream is mechanically broken up by a stationary or rotating type atomizer into a coarse spray and an annullarly arranged ultrasonic generator further atomizes the coarse spray into microscopic particles. The ultrasonic generating gas is deflected into the ultrasonic resonance chamber and the coarse spray is either centrally or annularly positioned relative to the ultrasonic field. An annular gas buffer may be provided around the atomizer. The nozzle assembly is mounted in the ceiling of a furnace having a gas flow constricting member spaced from the ceiling 1-4 times the diameter of the furnace.

Ultrasonic atomizer for waste sulfuric acid and use thereof in acid cracking furnaces

A method of manufacturing reconstituted activated carbon by employing chemical activation of a novel mixture of a carbonaceous raw material and a carbonaceous binder material and an activating agent to produce a very hard, granular activated carbon with superior abrasion-resistance.

Hard granular activated carbon and preparation from a carbonaceous material a binder and an inorganic activating agent

A pollution controlling aqueous waste treatment method, especially suitable for use in connection with pulp and paper mill operations, by which method waste effluents containing carbonaceous substances are subjected to a controlled oxidation process in a fluid bed reactor to effect autogenous combustion and pyrolysis of carbonaceous substances to activated carbon products suitable for such standard uses as purification and heat generation.

Fluidized bed autogenous combustion and pyrolysis of aqueous effluents to prepare activated carbon

Concentrated black liquor was pyrolysed in a semi-batch reactor in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen at 873–993 K. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the gas yields and compositions were studied. The main components of the gaseous product were hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur-containing gases. The percentage recovery of energy was also determined. On the basis of the experimental runs, a reaction model was proposed for the kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction, and the activation energies and frequency factors of the rate constants were determined.

Pyrolysis of black liquor

The liquid phase coking of waste kraft pulping liquors can be effected with a shorter residence time in the coking means at lower temperature, and lower pressure by reducing the pH of such liquors by at least one pH unit before coking. Products are lower in malodorous organic sulfur components than those produced at a higher pH. The lowering of the pH is achieved by adding sulfur dioxide to the liquor either as free SO 2 or as an aqueous solution of SO 2 .

Coking of waste kraft pulping liquors at lowered pH

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FINELY DIVIDED CARBON, ACTIVATABLE BY AQUEOUS AND/OR ACID LEACHING, FROM CONCENTRATED SPENT PULPING LIQUOR IN A SINGLE HIGH TEMPERATURE STAGE WHICH PROCESS COMPRISES PASSING THE SPENT LIQUOR UNDER PRESSURE THROUGH AT LEAST ONE ATOMIZING NOZZLE INTO A REACTOR CHAMBER TO FORM AT LEAST ONE HIGH VELOCITY ATOMIZET SPRAY OF FINELY DIVIDED LIQUID DROPLETS INTIMATELY ADMIXED WITH A FREE OXYGEN CONTAINING GAS IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO EFFECT A SELECTED PARTIAL OXIDATION OF THE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL IN SAID LIQUOR, SAID REACTION CHAMBER BEING MAINTAINED AT A HIGH TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO EFFECT SAID SELECTED PARTIAL OXIDATION, EACH ATOMIZED SPRAY BEING PASSED IN SAID CHAMBER THROUGH AN OPEN-ENDED TUBE SUBSTANTIALLY COAXIAL WITH SAID SPRAY AND SPACED FROM BUT ADJACENT TO EACH SPRAY NOZZLE TO CAUSE RECIRCULATION, BY INDUCTION OF A PORTION OF THE HOT GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF SAID PARTIAL OXIDATION TO SAID SPRAY ADJACENT SAID NOZZLE WHEREBY TO MAINTAIN THE REACTION TEMPERATURE OF SAID PARTIAL OXIDATION OF THE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL IN SAID LIQUOR.

Jean J. O. Gravel

Papers

Method for the production of activated carbon by partial oxidation of atomized cellulose pulping liquor

Gasification of organic content of sodium-base spent pulping liquors in an atomized suspension technique reactor