3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

The first working Mg rechargeable battery prototypes were ready for presentation about 13 years ago after two breakthroughs. The first was the development of non-Grignard Mg complex electrolyte solutions with reasonably wide electrochemical windows in which Mg electrodes are fully reversible. The second breakthrough was attained by demonstrating high-rate Mg cathodes based on Chevrel phases. These prototypes could compete with lead–acid or Ni–Cd batteries in terms of energy density, very low self-discharge, a wide temperature range of operation, and an impressive prolonged cycle life. However, the energy density and rate capability of these Mg battery prototypes were not attractive enough to commercialize them. Since then we have seen gradual progress in the development of better electrolyte solutions, as well as suggestions of new cathodes. In this article we review the recent accumulated experience, understandings, new strategies and materials, in the continuous R&D process of non-aqueous Mg batteries. This paper provides a road-map of this field during the last decade.

Mg rechargeable batteries: an on-going challenge

Pulse and pulse reverse plating—Conceptual,advantages and applications

A review is presented dealing with the use of carbon paste as an electrode maaterial for electrochemical sensors (311 references). It covers mainly publications which appeared during the period 1990–1993; numerous applications demonstrate the widespread applicability of carbon paste in the field of electrochemical analysis, such as voltammetry, amperometry, and potentiometry, but also as an electrode for electrochemical detectors in flow systems.

Sensors based on carbon paste in electrochemical analysis: A review with particular emphasis on the period 1990–1993

To initiate wider discussion about promising research directions, this paper highlights a number of challenges in the development of rechargeable Mg batteries, especially those related to the slow solid-state Mg diffusion in common hosts. With a focus on the intercalation mechanism, we compare for the first time different strategies proposed in the literature for developing Mg battery cathodes, like the use of (i) nanoscale cathode materials; (ii) hybrid intercalation compounds containing bound water or other additional anion groups that can presumably screen the charge of the inserted cations, (iii) cluster-containing compounds with efficient attainment of local electroneutrality. This comparative analysis shows that cathodes whose function is based on a combination of the two first strategies, e.g., V2O5 gels and their hybrids, can exhibit relatively high voltage and capacity upon Mg insertion, but their kinetics is insufficiently fast. A proper intercalation mechanism for such materials is still unknow...

On the Way to Rechargeable Mg Batteries: The Challenge of New Cathode Materials†

Hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc from zinc ferrites

Bismuth telluride alloy films of uniform thickness have been successfully prepared by electrodeposition from a solution containing Bi3+ and HTeO2+ ions in 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid (pH = 0) on stainless steel. The electrodeposited films are monophasic and exhibit a polycrystalline structure (Rm). The film composition is dependent on the electrolyte composition and the current density. The electrical properties of the electrodeposited samples have been determined. The obtained films are n-type semiconductors with high carrier concentration.

Jean-Marie Lecuire

Papers

Hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc from zinc ferrites

Synthesis, properties and performances of electrodeposited bismuth telluride films

Ruthenium catalysed oxidation without CCl4 of oleic acid, other monoenic fatty acids and alkenes

Comparative study of the electrochemical preparation of Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, and (BixSb1−x)2Te3 films

Pulsed electrodeposition of bismuth telluride films: Influence of pulse parameters over nucleation and morphology