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All our former experience with application of quantum theory seems to say:
{\it what is predicted by quantum formalism must occur in laboratory} But the
essence of quantum formalism - entanglement, recognized by Einstein, Podolsky,
Rosen and Schr\"odinger - waited over 70 years to enter to laboratories as a
new resource as real as energy This holistic property of compound quantum systems, which involves
nonclassical correlations between subsystems, is a potential for many quantum
processes, including ``canonical'' ones: quantum cryptography, quantum
teleportation and dense coding However, it appeared that this new resource is
very complex and difficult to detect Being usually fragile to environment, it
is robust against conceptual and mathematical tools, the task of which is to
decipher its rich structure This article reviews basic aspects of entanglement including its
characterization, detection, distillation and quantifying In particular, the
authors discuss various manifestations of entanglement via Bell inequalities,
entropic inequalities, entanglement witnesses, quantum cryptography and point
out some interrelations They also discuss a basic role of entanglement in
quantum communication within distant labs paradigm and stress some
peculiarities such as irreversibility of entanglement manipulations including
its extremal form - bound entanglement phenomenon A basic role of entanglement
witnesses in detection of entanglement is emphasized

Quantum entanglement

Recent interest in aspects common to quantum information and condensed matter has prompted a flurry of activity at the border of these disciplines that were far distant until a few years ago. Numerous interesting questions have been addressed so far. Here an important part of this field, the properties of the entanglement in many-body systems, are reviewed. The zero and finite temperature properties of entanglement in interacting spin, fermion, and boson model systems are discussed. Both bipartite and multipartite entanglement will be considered. In equilibrium entanglement is shown tightly connected to the characteristics of the phase diagram. The behavior of entanglement can be related, via certain witnesses, to thermodynamic quantities thus offering interesting possibilities for an experimental test. Out of equilibrium entangled states are generated and manipulated by means of many-body Hamiltonians.

/pdf/entanglement-in-many-body-systems-sqpatuxt14.pdf

Entanglement in many-body systems

1. Symmetric groups and their young subgroups 2. Ordinary irreducible representations and characters of symmetric and alternating groups 3. Ordinary irreducible matrix representations of symmetric groups 4. Representations of wreath products 5. Applications to combinatories and representation theory 6. Modular representations 7. Representation theory of Sn over an arbitrary field 8. Representations of general linear groups Appendices Index.

The representation theory of the symmetric group

This paper introduces five notions, including π-algebras, π-ideals, Hopf π-algebras, π-modules and Hopf π-modules, verifies the fundamental isomorphism theorem of π-algebras and studies some algebraic properties of Hopf π-algebras as well.

Hopf π- Algebras

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00017721/document

Noncommutative Symmetrical Functions

This paper presents a noncommutative theory of symmetric functions, based on the notion of quasi-determinant. We begin with a formal theory, corresponding to the case of symmetric functions in an infinite number of independent variables. This allows us to endow the resulting algebra with a Hopf structure, which leads to a new method for computing in descent algebras. It also gives unified reinterpretation of a number of classical constructions. Next, we study the noncommutative analogs of symmetric polynomials. One arrives at different constructions, according to the particular kind of application under consideration. For example, when a polynomial with noncommutative coefficients in one central variable is decomposed as a product of linear factors, the roots of these factors differ from those of the expanded polynomial. Thus, according to whether one is interested in the construction of a polynomial with given roots or in the expansion of a product of linear factors, one has to consider two distinct specializations of the formal symmetric functions. A third type appears when one looks for a noncommutative generalization of applications related to the notion of characteristic polynomial of a matrix. This construction can be applied, for instance, to the noncommutative matrices formed by the generators of the universal enveloping algebra $U(gl_n)$ or of

Noncommutative symmetric functions

We present a fast algorithm for computing the global crystal basis of the basic
 
$$U_q (\widehat{\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}}_n )$$

 -module. This algorithm is based on combinatorial techniques which have been developed for dealing with modular representations of symmetric groups, and more generally with representations of Hecke algebras of typeA at roots of unity. We conjecture that, upon specializationq→1, our algorithm computes the decomposition matrices of all Hecke algebras at an
th root of 1.

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Hecke algebras at roots of unity and crystal bases of quantum affine algebras

This article is devoted to the study of several algebras related to symmetric functions, which admit linear bases labelled by various combinatorial objects: permutations (free quasi-symmetric functions), standard Young tableaux (free symmetric functions) and packed integer matrices (matrix quasi-symmetric functions). Free quasi-symmetric functions provide a kind of noncommutative Frobenius characteristic for a certain category of modules over the 0-Hecke algebras. New examples of indecomposable Hn(0)-modules are discussed, and the homological properties of Hn(0) are computed for small n. Finally, the algebra of matrix quasi-symmetric functions is interpreted as a convolution algebra.

Noncommutative symmetric functions vi: free quasi-symmetric functions and related algebras

We present representation theoretical interpretations of quasi-symmetric functions and noncommutative symmetric functions in terms of quantum linear groups and Hecke algebras at q=0. We obtain in this way a noncommutative realization of quasi-symmetric functions analogous to the plactic symmetric functions of Lascoux and Schutzenberger. The generic case leads to a notion of quantum Schur function.

/pdf/noncommutative-symmetric-functions-iv-quantum-linear-groups-4csz6u4ffk.pdf

Jean-Yves Thibon

Papers

Noncommutative Symmetrical Functions

Noncommutative symmetric functions

Hecke algebras at roots of unity and crystal bases of quantum affine algebras

Noncommutative symmetric functions vi: free quasi-symmetric functions and related algebras

Noncommutative Symmetric Functions Iv: Quantum Linear Groups andHecke Algebras at {\bi q}\,{\bf =}\,{\bf 0}