Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review

Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin.

Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants : A review

Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants

Chemical constituents of various tissues of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) have been extensively investigated. To date, at least 235 compounds, primarily phenolic compounds and terpenoids have been identified from the species, in- cluding 22 diarylheptanoids and diarylpentanoids, eight phenylpropene and other phenolic compounds, 68 monoterpenes, 109 sesquiterpenes, five diterpenes, three triterpenoids, four sterols, two alkaloids, and 14 other compounds. Curcumi- noids (diarylheptanoids) and essential oils are major bioactive ingredients showing various bioactivities in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Curcuminoids in turmeric are primarily accumulated in rhizomes. The essential oils from leaves and flowers are usually dominated by monoterpenes while those from roots and rhizomes primarily contained sesquiterpenes. The contents of curcuminoids in turmeric rhizomes vary often with varieties, locations, sources, and cultivation condi- tions, while there are significant variations in composition of essential oils of turmeric rhizomes with varieties and geo- graphical locations. Further, both curcuminoids and essential oils vary in contents with different extraction methods and are unstable with extraction and storage processes. As a result, the quality of commercial turmeric products can be mark- edly varied. While curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (5) have been used as marker com- pounds for the quality control of rhizomes, powders, and extract ("curcumin") products, Ar-turmerone (99), � -turmerone (100), and � -turmerone (101) may be used to control the product quality of turmeric oil and oleoresin products. Authentication of turmeric products can be achieved by chromatographic and NMR techniques, DNA markers, with morphological and anatomic data as well as GAP and other information available.

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Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Antioxidant capacity of fresh and dried rhizomes from four clones of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) grown in vitro

A plant micropropagation apparatus (100) and process is provided in which a support platform (110) for vessels (12) containing a liquid growth media are periodically pivoted which brings about an intermittent immersion of the plant tissue/growth substrate in the growth media. The motion of the support platform (110) may optionally be used to engage a piston operated dispenser (14) for supplying aseptic media to the sealed vessel (12). The intermittent immersion also provides for an improved method of separating viable embryos from culture materials using a separation matrix in conjunction with the intermittent wave motion of the plant media when suspended in a liquid culture.

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Intermittent immersion vessel apparatus and process for plant propagation

A plant propagation system and method are provided for promoting the growth of plant tissue into small plantlets The plant propagation system includes sealed, semipermeable membrane vessels for completely enclosing plant material therein The sealed vessels generally are translucent and permeable to gases and liquids while remaining impermeable to biological contaminates Plant tissue originally extracted from a parent plant can be placed within the sealed vessels and grown heterotrophically Once the plant material has developed the capability to photosynthesize, the sealed vessels can be transferred to a greenhouse environment for photoautotrophic growth Once in a greenhouse environment, the sealed vessels are supported in trays and exposed to light, gases, water and a liquid nutrient solution for optimizing growth A central controller can be included in order to automate the system for controlling the flow of fluids in and out of the vessel support trays while also monitoring system conditions A disinfectant can also be circulated within the system for destroying biological contaminants in the tray and outside the sealed vessels for maintaining an aseptic environment

/pdf/plant-propagation-system-and-method-up1seiz20j.pdf

Plant propagation system and method

HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 35(1), FEBRUARY 2000 Received for publication 18 Mar. 1999. Accepted for publication 12 July 1999. Journal paper no. 4482 of South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, S.C. The authors sincerely thank Dr. Yosuke Tashiro, Dr. Shiro Isshiki, and Dr. Sadami Miyazaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga Univ. of Japan, Saga, for the isozyme data presented in this paper, and Dr. Bill Rhodes and Dr. Vance Baird, Dept. of Horticulture of Clemson Univ., and Dr. Jack Staub, USDA/ARS, the Univ. of Wisconsin– Madison, for their review of this paper. This research was supported by the National Education Committee of the Peoples Republic of China, and by Research Grant Award No. US-2809-96R from the United States–Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD). The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Current address: Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, P.R. China; e-mail: JFCHEN@nau.njau.edu.cn. Interspecific Hybridization in Cucumis—Progress, Problems, and Perspectives

/pdf/interspecific-hybridization-in-cucumis-progress-problems-and-2p8riyk017.pdf

Interspecific Hybridization in Cucumis—Progress, Problems, and Perspectives

A plant propagation system and method are provided for promoting the growth of plant tissue into small plantlets. The plant propagation system includes sealed, semipermeable membrane vessels for completely enclosing plant material therein. The sealed vessels generally are translucent and permeable to gases and liquids while remaining impermeable to biological contaminates. Plant tissue originally extracted from a parent plant can be placed within the sealed vessels and grown heterotrophically. Once the plant material has developed the capability to photosynthesize, the sealed vessels can be transferred to a greenhouse environment for photoautotrophic growth. Once in a greenhouse environment, the sealed vessels are supported in trays and exposed to light, gases, water and a liquid nutrient solution for optimizing growth. A central controller can be included in order to automate the system for controlling the flow of fluids in and out of the vessel support trays while also monitoring system conditions. A disinfectant can also be circulated within the system for destroying biological contaminants in the tray and outside the sealed vessels for maintaining an aseptic environment.

/pdf/plant-propagation-system-4hhjikr391.pdf

Jeffrey Adelberg

Papers

Antioxidant capacity of fresh and dried rhizomes from four clones of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) grown in vitro

Intermittent immersion vessel apparatus and process for plant propagation

Plant propagation system and method

Interspecific Hybridization in Cucumis—Progress, Problems, and Perspectives

Plant propagation system