Culture-independent analysis of an endophytic core microbiome in two species of wheat: Triticum aestivum L. (cv. 'Hondia') and the first report of microbiota in Triticum spelta L. (cv. 'Rokosz').

Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the most important fresh fodder and silage sources in the world, and its quality and yield are directly related in the harvesting time. In this study, four forage sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were compared to determine effects of delayed harvesting time on the changes in yield and forage quality. Field experiments were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Four forage sorghum cultivars (Early Sumac, Leotti, Nes, Rox) were harvested at four different growing stages (panicle emergence stage (PE), milky stage (MS), dough stage (DS) and physiologic maturity stage (PM)). Dry matter, fresh forage yield, plant height, dry matter content, panicle proportion, protein yield, lignin content and relative feed value (RFV) tended to increase with advanced plant maturity, while leaf proportion, protein content, neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), cellulose content and hemicellulose content tended to decrease. Dry matter contents of all sorghum cultivars harvested during the PE and MS stages were below 247 g kg -1 . Among whole plant organs, stem proportion was higher than those of leaf and panicle proportions. Mean dry matter yields of cultivars were ranged from 18.75 t ha -1 to 20.15 t ha -1 . These findings have shown that suitable harvesting time of forage sorghum is PM stage for high yield and fodder quality, but it may be harvested at DS stage due to increasing lignin content. None of these sorghum cultivars should be harvested before DS stage for ensilage due to low dry matter content. Nes can be preferred because of the high forage and protein yield. © 2012 Friends Science Publishers

Effect of harvesting time on yield, composition and forage quality of some forage sorghum cultivars.

Review: Shaping a sustainable food future by rediscovering long-forgotten ancient grains.

Enhancement of resource use efficiencies and crop productivity in sustainable agriculture are important especially in low-input production systems. This experiment was planned to evaluate the performance of maize under different water and nitrogen levels. Three irrigation treatments i.e., I1= three leaf stage (V1), nine leaf stage (V2), tasseling (T) and milking stage (M); I2 = V1, V2, T, M and dough stage (R1), I3= V1, V2, T, M , R1 and blister stage (R2) were applied with 70 mm application depth with different nitrogen application rates i.e., 0 , 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1 . Results revealed that maximum growth i.e., plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), cob length and diameter as well as yield and yield components i.e., grains rows/cob, grains/row, grains/cob, grain weight/cob, 100-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, water and nitrogen use efficiencies as well as transpiration and photosynthetic activities were recorded at I3 with 250 kg N ha-1 . However, increased irrigation and nitrogen application rates delayed days to tasseling, silking and maturity. Conclusively, six irrigations (I3) with 250 kg N ha-1 can be adopted as the best input levels to get maximum maize yield under semi-arid regions. In future both these inputs may be used as water and nitrogen based agricultural best management practices (BMPs) in regions with similar type of environmental conditions.

/pdf/maize-growth-yield-formation-and-water-nitrogen-usage-in-1lozg95kir.pdf

Maize growth, yield formation and water-nitrogen usage in response to varied irrigation and nitrogen supply under semi-arid climate

Why Does Trans Fat Affect Coronary Heart Disease Risk? The average daily intake of trans fat is about 5.8 Tip Choose foods with 0 grams trans fat and less than 5 percent of the Daily Value of saturated fat more often. grams. This has been shown to raise LDL (the bad cholesterol) by 6 percent. If you are eating above-average amounts, trans fat also lowers HDL (the good cholesterol) while raising LDL still higher. When you add this to the LDL-raising effect of saturated fat, trans fat can substantially increase your risk of heart disease.

Trans fatty acids

NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations
 between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction
 on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were
 carried out at Rimski Sancevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The
 following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first
 pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content
 of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in
 grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared
 spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied
 characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The
 highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria.
 Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes
 Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod
 (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest
 protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria,
 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea.
 Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain
 weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and
 negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was
 positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was
 negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and
 negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of
 this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield
 and protein and oil contents.

/pdf/variability-and-correlations-between-yield-components-of-1m88t4ryo6.pdf

Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

During the period 2010-2011 about 2.113 million ha of buckwheat was sown annually worldwide. Average yield of buckwheat during the monitored period was 913 kg ha-1. Areas and average yield have a rising tendency. The most significant producers of buckwheat in the world are: China, Russia and Ukraine. In Serbia buckwheat is produced on small areas. The paper presents results of testing of four buckwheat varieties, produced on plots of the Institute for crops and vegetables as follows: Novosadska, Godijevo, Bamby and Ceska. Analysis of average yield has shown that Novosadska variety produced statistically significant higher yield (2626 kg ha-1) compared to the other varieties tested (p <0.05). From the results shown we can see that buckwheat yield in Serbia is significantly higher compared with the world average yield, which tells us that this plant can be successfully produced in our agro-ecological conditions of growing.

/pdf/analysis-of-buckwheat-production-in-the-world-and-serbia-18h8fm7os0.pdf

Analysis of buckwheat production in the world and serbia

A three-year trial (2003-2005) was conducted under agro ecological conditions
 of Timocka Krajina (the experiment farm of Technological Research Center in
 Zajecar). Research object were six malting barley genotypes, which were
 top-dressed with the following amounts of nitrogen in the course of growing
 season: 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1. A non-fertilized variant served as a
 control. The obtained results indicated that the tested genotypes reacted to
 increased amounts of nitrogen by changing their morphological and biological
 characteristics as well as the technological values of grain. The
 effectiveness of the applied nitrogen depended significantly on the
 distribution of rainfall in periods of highest water uptake by malting
 barley.

/pdf/genotype-specificity-in-nitrogen-nutrition-of-malting-barley-4hzw6ku3v8.pdf

Genotype specificity in nitrogen nutrition of malting barley

Th e subject of this study is 2-year variability research (2007 and 2008) of the chemical composition of natu- rally dried biomass samples of 3 diff erent sorghum species, which are widely used in the southeast Balkans. Samples of Sudan grass Zora, fodder sorghum NS-Dzin, and their hybrid Siloking were examined based on the quantity of used nitrogen and the harvest time. Plants were grown in the experimental fi eld of Radmilovac (property of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade) in a randomized block, split-split plot design with 3 replications for 2 years. Naturally dried biomass with the highest amount of total proteins was obtained by mowing during the stem elongation phase (plant height, 100-120 cm). By subsequent mowing in the tasseling phase, the amount of total proteins and mineral substances in the biomass decreased, while the amount of carbohydrates and cellulose signifi cantly increased. Th e content of lipids in the samples tested diff ered depending on the cultivar, but this variation was not statistically signifi cant. By increas- ing the intensity of plant nitrogen nutrition, the total protein content in the tested samples was increased. Due to the large amounts of nonprotein nitrogen compounds, the fraction of digestible proteins did not increase. According to the established chemical composition of the silage sorghum hay, the total digestibility of nutritive components of the tested samples was determined to be satisfactory, above 51%. Th e highest quality biomass was obtained by mowing the hybrid of sorghum and Sudan grass during the stem elongation phase. Th e most suitable nitrogen dose of 80-120 kg and harvest during the tasseling period were the best for all 3 cultivars.

/pdf/effects-of-nitrogen-and-harvesting-time-on-chemical-4e4i4hymka.pdf

Effects of nitrogen and harvesting time on chemical composition of biomass of Sudan grass, fodder sorghum, and their hybrid

Biodiesel and biogas are especially important sources of renewable energy in
 the world and in Serbia. Biodiesel is used as transportation fuel; biogas is
 used for production of electricity and heat. Soybean (Glycine max L.) grain
 is the primary source of vegetable protein for food and feed supplements,
 also accounts for much of the world?s bio-oil supply. Due to the development
 of new technologies for processing agricultural waste into energy, the rate
 of increase in the use of alternative fuels is significantly increasing. The
 aim of this study was to determine the productivity of soybeans and the
 possibility of obtaining biogas from soybeans in divergent years, 2017-2019.
 Main effects were monitored, genotypes (G), years (Y) and genotype by years
 interaction effects (G x Y) and were used for evaluation of soybean
 genotypes in different environments. Soybean varieties were tested for mass
 of 1000 grain (MTG), plant height (PH), grain yields (GY) and biogas yield
 (BY). Stability of grain and biogas yield was determined to select best
 genotype. Results showed that genotype and years had a significant impact on
 all measured variables. In all tested years, the biggest GY and BY were at
 genotypes G1 (2.40-4.49 t ha-1, and 461.00-641.00 m3 ha-1, respectively) and
 G3 (1.97-4.30 t ha-1; i.e. 447.67-620.00 m3 ha-1). Genotype G2 had
 statistically significantly lower values for all tested parameters compared
 to other tested genotypes. Correlation analysis of some chosen traits showed
 different interdependence between measured variables depending on the year
 conditions. The results of this study pointed out that among best genotypes
 for production of grain and biogas were G1 and G3. From the results of this
 study it can be concluded that G x Y trials are important for evaluation of
 stability and choosing the most stable genotypes of soybean.

/pdf/genotype-by-year-interaction-effects-on-soybean-morpho-2f6exx7fvk.pdf

Jela Ikanovic

Papers

Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Analysis of buckwheat production in the world and serbia

Genotype specificity in nitrogen nutrition of malting barley

Effects of nitrogen and harvesting time on chemical composition of biomass of Sudan grass, fodder sorghum, and their hybrid

Genotype by year interaction effects on soybean morpho-productive traits and biogas production