Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe

AIMS Probiotic milk-based formulations were spray-dried with various combinations of prebiotic substances in an effort to generate synbiotic powder products. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the effect of growth phase and inclusion of a prebiotic substance in the feed media on probiotic viability during spray-drying, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was spray-dried in lag, early log and stationary phases of growth in reconstituted skim milk (RSM) (20% w/v) or RSM (10% w/v), polydextrose (PD) (10% w/v) mixture at an outlet temperature of 85-90 degrees C. Stationary phase cultures survived best (31-50%) in both feed media and were the most stable during powder storage at 4-37 degrees C over 8 weeks, with 30-140-fold reductions in cell viability at 37 degrees C in RSM and PD/RSM powders, respectively. Stationary phase Lact. rhamnosus GG was subsequently spray-dried in the presence of the prebiotic inulin in the feed media, composed of RSM (10% w/v) and inulin (10% w/v), and survival following spray-drying was of the order 7.1-43%, while viability losses of 20,000-90,000-fold occurred in these powders after 8 weeks' storage at 37 degrees C. Survival of the Lactobacillus culture after spray-drying in powders produced using PD (20% w/v) or inulin (20% w/v) as the feed media was only 0.011-0.45%. To compare different probiotic lactobacilli during spray-drying, stationary phase Lact. rhamnosus E800 and Lact. salivarius UCC 500 were spray-dried using the same parameters as for Lact. rhamnosus GG in either RSM (20% w/v) or RSM (10% w/v) and PD (10% w/v). Lact. rhamnosus E800 experienced approx. 25-41% survival, yielding powders containing approximately 10(9) CFU g(-1), while Lact. salivarius UCC 500 performed poorly, experiencing over 99% loss in viability during spray-drying in both feed media. In addition to the superior survival of Lact. rhamnosus GG after spray-drying, both strains experienced higher viability losses (570-700-fold) during storage at 37 degrees C over 8 weeks compared with Lact. rhamnosus GG. CONCLUSIONS Stationary phase cultures were most suitable for the spray-drying process, while lag phase was most susceptible. The presence of the prebiotics PD and inulin did not enhance viability during spray-drying or powder storage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY High viability (approximately 10(9) CFU g(-1)) powders containing probiotic lactobacilli in combination with prebiotics were developed, which may be useful as functional food ingredients for the manufacture of probiotic foods.

Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray dried in the presence of prebiotic substances

In line with an intensified call for conducting business in a greener and more sustainable way, sustainability-related entrepreneurship has become an important subfield of entrepreneurship research. The variety of terms, such as "sustainable entrepreneurship", "ecopreneurship", "environmental entrepreneurship/enviropreneurship", and "green entrepreneurship", reflects the fragmented and inconsistent findings of this research field. Based on the one-pillar model of sustainable development, i.e., ecological sustainability, we present the first systematic review of the literature on ecological sustainable entrepreneurship. This analysis of 114 scientific articles reveals a strong focus on the drivers of engagement in ecological sustainable entrepreneurship, the drivers of conducting business in an ecological sustainable way, the strategic actions taken by ecological sustainable enterprises, and the outcomes, enabling factors and challenges of ecological sustainable entrepreneurship. Based on this thematic clustering, we develop an integrative framework for ecological sustainable entrepreneurship and a coherent agenda for future research. This work may help researchers to take stock of the existing literature and advance this research field.

Doing business in a green way: A systematic review of the ecological sustainability entrepreneurship literature and future research directions

Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are quantitatively the most important phospholipids (PLs) in milk. They are located on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and in other membranous material of the skim milk phase. They include principally phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, while sphingomyelin is the dominant species of sphingolipids There is considerable evidence that PLs have beneficial health effects, such as regulation of the inflammatory reactions, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity on some types of cancer, and inhibition of the cholesterol absorption. PLs show good emulsifying properties and can be used as a delivery system for liposoluble constituents. Due to the amphiphilic characteristics of these molecules, their extraction, separation and detection are critical points in the analytical approach. The extraction by using chloroform and methanol, followed by the determination by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with evaporative light scattering (ELSD) or mass detector (MS), are the most applied procedures for the PL evaluation. More recently, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) was also used, but despite it demonstrating high sensitivity, it requires more studies to obtain accurate results. This review is focused on milk fat phospholipids; their composition, biological activity, technological properties, and significance in the structure of milk fat. Different analytical methodologies are also discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/2/2808/pdf

Phospholipids in Milk Fat: Composition, Biological and Technological Significance, and Analytical Strategies

Application of inulin in cheese as prebiotic, fat replacer and texturizer: a review.

Environmental life-cycle assessment of various dairy products

Two year survey on the occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Serbia

Pasta-Filata Cheeses

Fortification of fermented dairy products with insoluble dietary fiber is an interesting way to increase consumers' fiber intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of low-fat unsweetened yoghurt, fortified at levels of 15 and 30 g/kg, with insoluble triticale, wheat or oat fibers. The addition of insoluble triticale fiber resulted in yellowish-brown color, grainy flavor, and pronounced sandiness/grittiness of the fortified yoghurts. The products were classified into the ‘very good’ quality category, despite the lower quality scores given to the 30 g/kg fiber-fortified yoghurts, caused primarily by a gritty/sandy texture and some bitterness. Three distinct consumer subgroups were revealed by the clustering analysis, one of which showed a preference for the triticale-yoghurts. Insoluble dietary fiber from triticale showed promising potential to be used as a fortifying ingredient in the production of fiber-enriched fermented dairy products such as yoghurt.

/pdf/enrichment-of-yoghurt-with-insoluble-dietary-fiber-from-3qquz2nyyv.pdf

Jelena Miocinovic

Papers

Environmental life-cycle assessment of various dairy products

Two year survey on the occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Serbia

Pasta-Filata Cheeses

Enrichment of yoghurt with insoluble dietary fiber from triticale – A sensory perspective

Rheological and textural properties of goat and cow milk set type yoghurts