The Science Question in Feminism

Purpose: To provide recommendations for construction clients who design and implement financial incentive mechanisms (FIMs) on projects. ----------
Methodology: Four large Australian building projects commissioned by government clients under managing contractor contracts and completed between 2001 and 2005 were examined to explore the ‘drivers’ that promoted motivation toward financial incentive goals. The results were triangulated across data sources, projects and stakeholder types. ----------
Findings: FIM design should incorporate:
1.	flexibility to modify goals and measurement procedures over time,
2.	multiple goals covering different project areas,
3.	distribution of rewards across all the key organizations contributing to team performance (e.g. potentially not just the contractor, but the subcontractors and consultants) and a reward amount sufficient to be valued by potential recipients. 
FIM benefits are maximized through the following complementary procurement initiatives:
4.	equitable contract risk allocation,
5.	early contractor involvement in design,
6.	value-driven tender selection,
7.	relationship workshops, and
8.	future work opportunities.----------
Research Limitations: This paper provides practical recommendations to industry and hence does not emphasize theoretical aspects.----------
Practical Implications: The uptake of these recommendations is likely to increase the impact of FIMs on motivation and improve project and industry outcomes. Although the study focuses on government clients of building projects, all the recommendations would seem to apply equally to private-sector clients and to non-building projects.----------
Originality: In order to improve motivation and reward high performance, clients are increasingly using FIM in their construction contracts. Despite the rising use of financial incentives, there is a lack of comprehensive construction-specific knowledge available to help clients maximize outcomes. The study addresses this gap in the literature.

Client recommendations for financial incentives on construction projects

for my sistersIt is a seduction in which I do not know where the other is, and in which I therefore do not know what it would take to please her, and in which I therefore take the risk that my pleasure can also be hers: in other words, in which I can seduce the other only by relinquishing myself into my own art.-Simon Jarvis, "Why Rhyme Pleases"If of this woman only were rememberedshe was useless in a firestorm,as though she looked towards a sunless planet,her motorized jaw green with mould.Lost her nerve abuse go out she providing 1,265 kW she singing.I think the speech went out of her at last.I heard it as she woke.She shifts her weight in the car seat,she is proud to be the tiercel on his warm shaded wrist.Awake at dawn with her Lamenta parliamentary career misrepresenting who she wasknow all those outreaches of convex preserve herpleasures but her hands are not so white'for she her sex under this strange purport did hide!Lined up in a room and gassed with ethylene you come to her.Good night, she says, behind the curtains, behind the windows.She will auto-crucify in whitebut will her speech also change?Her voice was ever low, nilyou must be the voice she falls in love to categoricallypiss on her falcon her guys.She knocked back a late draught of radar and blinkedThere is a sort of heaven in these, where she spits on it to lubricateBefore this 'I' took she floated lazily,was certain as that greyscale orbit smile crush her.She grabs his footAs for her, well, really she was beautiful and fierce.Then she tied her hooves behind her croup and did it again,I wanted to fuck her dear dirty body most of the time.She lay back disconnected.I never knew what she meant then:she climbs onto a barstool, wobbles a second, thenher eye talks up such split surprise to wake up this morning.To well before delete she saidface rental flap to foreign tongues, her no onelight on her feetshe unfastened his sweet dick.She, for there is a she, not love interest but sidelined friend,lip hollows out the shoe that shapes her foot, dangling her inventory.Today in drapes the skin of her breath hung in air stretchedI tried to buy her off with the pliers and oil but she declined, soiled pearlI turned to her and said "do you like this little earth".Particularly when, she agreed, you can rip up the airI can see into her wombThick air cricks her furrowed nape behind little curls I pluck at'That's Raw Data', she nods, 'Let's fucking eat'.She rolled up a newspaper and started reading the Book of Genesisthrough it like a megaphone into her stomach where I was,she was caught in erotic darkness.Little hurt who saw less inside, her throatall we know heroic play up to her simple blankhow proud she is, how proud she is, how proud she is, how proud she is,how proud she is,she even try to fully grasp the rhythm sent over by the troops.She is right. I heard the sound. I wanted an epigraphwank her till the bath and I was filled with coinsshe is the fulguration, the axis about whom endless birth of heart revolvesHe may smile at her benevolently and say good morning and mean it'Before you shoot the dog' she breathed 'make sure you know its master'they rush in her veins and she clings to their scenther Mid range joys holding the tuneimagination sighs nipple back and lick she in new brown shoesher safe return into her Paris flatclose enough to bind on to the other free and blind to her obscurityhe reaches over to take from her sitting upto remove parts of her consciousnessall the various bits moving and the one who addresses her present. …

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Book of the City of Ladies

In recent years, existing research and industry studies have noted that, whilst there has been significant progress in the performance of built environment teams, scant attention has been paid to the behavioural aspects of collaborative design. These recent performance improvements also tend to respond to a techno-operational and positivist dominance within the architecture, engineering, construction (AEC) domain. This has resulted in tools, technologies, and guidance which fail to address the socio-behavioural context of collaborative design in AEC. Alternatively, generic socio-behavioural management theories are applied with the aim of improving collaborative practices, despite operation in an industry that has critical differences to mainstream business.
This thesis aims to counterbalance that positivist and techno-operational dominance, by conducting an exploratory study which expands and deepens knowledge relating to the social aspects of design collaboration in the built environment. To this end, the study begins with a systematic review of literature from the field of social psychology. This field maintains a long history of experimental and field study in relation to group interaction. The social psychology literature is examined to identify areas of knowledge and key themes which are likely to hold relevance for built environment design teams and may be supplanted within the AEC sector-specific research frame. 
Themes emerging from this review are: (1) motivation and reward, (2) risk attitudes, and (3) social climate. These themes, and the social phenomena described within them, are subsequently investigated in a series of studies. First, an exploratory survey of industry perceptions has been conducted. Findings from this survey direct and inform two further, complementary studies, which include focus group interviews and observations of a live design team in a case-study project. Resulting data sets are qualitatively analysed using a thematic analysis complemented by quantitative social network analysis. The proposed framework synthesises the findings from these studies. The framework comprises thematic content which is specific to collaborative practice in the built environment, rooted within a social psychology perspective. Findings detail a multiplicity in the role agency of project team members as actors in industry, discipline, company, and individual contexts. Normative and adaptive responses within the team interaction space, thus, transforms agency and thought to collective systems of meaning, within which creative thinking can flourish, and from which innovation can thrive. 
The framework enables the built environment sector to make progress in detailing its own critical success factors for effective collaboration. The framework can now be applied in research and practice, to establish clear directions for new research; development of interdisciplinary industry and practice guidance; and, industry-specific curricula content for professional practice training, teaching, and learning for cognisant disciplines. Thus, the current practice of applying generic theory to AEC collaborative practice can now be repealed in favour of a directed and industry appropriate approach.

An Exploratory Study of Collaboration In Built Environment Design Teams: A Social Psychology Perspective

https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/jmapl.2020.173.4.139

Editorial: The ethical and social challenges of Construction 4.0

In 2017, the Chancellor of the Exchequer launched the UK Industrial Strategy, inviting society to ‘choose the future’. By way of government support for and investment in digital innovation, particu...

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Choose your future: a feminist perspective on Construction 4.0 as techno-utopia or digital dystopia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the extant literature relating to the social processes of innovation in built environment design teams. The paper connects the relevant and significant work in the field of social psychology and architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) to derive a theoretical framework which can be used to direct further research, towards development of the behavioural facet of design management.Design/methodology/approach – First, the paper establishes which aspects of social processes of innovation are already present within the AEC field and examine concepts/ideas in social psychology that are likely to be important in understanding group processes within AEC, applying three emergent themes of social climate; risk attitudes and motivation and reward. Second, the paper identifies which elements of social psychology may be used to expand, consolidate and develop our understanding and identify gaps in AEC specific knowledge.Findings – The paper suggests that whilst...

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The social life of the novel idea: what did social psychologists ever do for us?

In a period of dynamic change for architectural professionalism and practice, it is
becoming increasingly relevant to identify effective ways for students to develop
reflective thinking which they will need to manage their transition from student to
practitioner and be able to respond to industry change throughout their careers. This
paper reports upon an assessment technique using an online blog which was used to
capture students’ real-time and reflective thoughts. The key elements of the brief are
discussed and the outcomes of the assessment, which included learning experiences
which were planned for as well as some which were not predicted.

/pdf/blogging-it-encouraging-reflective-thinking-for-1wxav9gxae.pdf

Blogging It: Encouraging Reflective Thinking for Architectural Practice

https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/jmapl.21.0000a

Jennifer Eve Barrett

Papers

Choose your future: a feminist perspective on Construction 4.0 as techno-utopia or digital dystopia

The social life of the novel idea: what did social psychologists ever do for us?

Blogging It: Encouraging Reflective Thinking for Architectural Practice

Discussion: Choose your future: a feminist perspective on Construction 4.0 as techno-utopia or digital dystopia