Showing papers by "Jennifer H. Madans published in 1983"

National health and nutrition examination I--epidemiologic follow-up survey.

Abstract: An epidemiologic follow-up of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), being conducted from 1982 to 1984, is expected to provide estimates of the risks of certain health conditions for a sample of the U.S. population and to make it possible to relate these conditions to the nutritional, social, demographic, and behavioral characteristics of the sample. As part of the followup study, the baseline data obtained in NHANES I have been reviewed to define hypotheses and to identify pertinent variables that can be used in studying changes over time and the relationships of these variables to outcome measures. Because the followup study provides cohort data on a large sample of the U.S. population, it presents a unique opportunity for epidemiologists.

The relationship between hip fracture and water fluoridation: an analysis of national data.

Abstract: Data from the 1973-1977 National Health Interview Surveys were used to determine whether water fluoridation prevents hip fractures related to osteoporosis. No protective effect was found for fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the level recommended for the prevention of dental caries. There are some indications that higher concentrations of fluoride might have a protective effect for groups with a high incidence of osteoporosis. However, no determination of the actual levels needed or the possible adverse effects of high water fluoride levels could be made.

Changing Practice in the Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: The National Perspective

Abstract: This study documents changes in surgical treatment of breast cancer using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. All discharge records for women aged 25 years and older who received a mastectomy and had a diagnosis of breast cancer were selected for analysis. The proportion of such women discharged who received a radical mastectomy declined precipitously from 49% in 1972-1974 to 14% in 1978-1980. The proportion of women discharged who received modified radical mastectomies increased concomitantly from 29% in 1972-1974 to 64% in 1979-1980. Further, these changes in surgical practice were observed in all regions of the United States and for both small and large hospitals. The average length of hospital stay for discharged women treated surgically for breast cancer declined from 11.8 to 10.3 days between 1972-1974 and 1978-1980. About one third of this decline can be attributed to the shift toward less extensive operations.