The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

The provision and usage of online and e-learning system is becoming the main challenge for many universities during COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning system such as Blackboard has several fantastic features that would be valuable for use during this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the successful usage of e-learning system relies on understanding the adoption factors as well as the main challenges that face the current e-learning systems. There is lack of agreement about the critical challenges and factors that shape the successful usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic; hence, a clear gap has been identified in the knowledge on the critical challenges and factors of e-learning usage during this pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to explore the critical challenges that face the current e-learning systems and investigate the main factors that support the usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed the interview method using thematic analysis through NVivo software. The interview was conducted with 30 students and 31 experts in e-learning systems at six universities from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study offer useful suggestions for policy-makers, designers, developers and researchers, which will enable them to get better acquainted with the key aspects of the e-learning system usage successfully during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic.

This study developed and empirically tested a model to predict the factors affecting students' behavioral intentions toward using mobile learning (m-learning). This study explored the behavioral intention to use m-learning from the perspective of consumers by applying the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model with the addition of perceived enjoyment, mobile self-efficacy, satisfaction, trust, and perceived risk moderators. A cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a research model based on multiple technology acceptance theories. Data were derived from an online survey with 1,562 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used for model and hypothesis testing. The results revealed that (1) behavioral intention was significantly and positively influenced by satisfaction, trust, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy; (2) perceived enjoyment, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy had positive associations with behavioral intention; (3) mobile self-efficacy had a significantly positive effect on perceived enjoyment; and (4) perceived risk had a significantly negative moderating effect on the relationship between performance expectancy and behavioral intention. Our findings correspond with the UTAUT model and provide a practical reference for educational institutions and decision-makers involved in designing m-learning for implementation in universities.

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Factors Determining the Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Learning: An Application and Extension of the UTAUT Model.

Extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for studying the e-learning acceptance is not a new research topic, and it has been tackled by many scholars. However, the development of a comprehensive TAM that could be able to examine the e-learning acceptance under any circumstances is regarded to be an essential research direction. To identify the most widely used external factors of the TAM concerning the e-learning acceptance, a literature review comprising of 120 significant published studies from the last twelve years was conducted. The review analysis indicated that computer self-efficacy, subjective/social norm, perceived enjoyment, system quality, information quality, content quality, accessibility, and computer playfulness were the most common external factors of TAM. Accordingly, the TAM has been extended by the aforementioned factors to examine the students' acceptance of e-learning in five different universities in the United Arab of Emirates (UAE). A total of 435 students participated in the study. The results indicated that system quality, computer self-efficacy, and computer playfulness have a significant impact on perceived ease of use of e-learning system. Furthermore, information quality, perceived enjoyment, and accessibility were found to have a positive influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of e-learning system.

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Exploring Students’ Acceptance of E-Learning Through the Development of a Comprehensive Technology Acceptance Model

A respectable amount of work dealing with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) clearly indicates a popularity of TAM in the field of technology acceptance in general. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in existing knowledge regarding representative academic literature that underlie research on TAM in educational context. The main objective of this systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the current state of research efforts on TAM application in the field of learning and teaching for a variety of learning domains, learning technologies and types of users. Through systematic search by the use of EBSCO Discovery Service, the review has identified 71 relevant studies ranged between 2003 and 2018. The main findings indicate that TAM and its many different versions represent a credible model for facilitating assessment of diverse learning technologies. TAM's core variables, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, have been proven to be antecedent factors affecting acceptance of learning with technology. The paper identifies some gaps in current work and suggests areas for further investigation. The results of this systematic review provide a better understanding of TAM acceptance studies in educational context and create a firm foundation for advancing knowledge in the field. Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic Technology acceptance research in teaching and learning context has become an attractive trend.A number of reviews and meta‐analysis focused on specific topics related to technology acceptance in education have been conducted.The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the key model in understanding predictors of human behaviour towards potential acceptance or rejection of the technology.What this paper adds The state of current research on Technology Acceptance Model application in educational context lacks comprehensive reviews addressing variety of learning domains, learning technologies and types of users.The paper presents systematic review of relevant academic literature on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the field of learning and teaching.The paper provides empirical evidence on the predictive validity of the models based on TAM presented in selected literature.The findings revealed that TAM, along with its many different versions called TAM++, is a leading scientific paradigm and credible model for facilitating assessment of diverse technological deployments in educational context.TAM's core variables, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, have been proven to be antecedent factors that have affected acceptance of learning with technology.Implications for practice and/or policy The systematic review adds to the body of knowledge and creates a firm foundation for advancing knowledge in the field.By following the most common research objectives and/or by filling current gaps in applied research methods, chosen sample groups and types of result analysis, an own study could be conducted.Future research may well focus on identifying additional external factors that could further explain acceptance and usage of various learning technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] uracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review

Azerbaijan has successfully incorporated modern Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in the education system. The major goal is to raise the standard of education. The factors that affect university students' behavioral intention (BI) to use e-learning for educational purposes in Azerbaijan are worthy of study. This is an empirical study of the use of the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning (GETAMEL) developed by Abdullah and Ward (2016) in order to determine the factors that affect undergraduate students' BI to use an e-learning system. The data was collected from 714 undergraduate and masters students using a convenient sampling technique and the responses were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It is seen that the Subjective norm (SN), Experience (EXP) and Enjoyment (ENJOY) positively and significantly influence students' perceived usefulness (PU) of e-learning, while Computer anxiety (CA) has a negatively effect. EXP, ENJOY and Self-efficacy (SE) positively and significantly affect their perceived ease of use (PEOU) of e-learning. It is also seen that SN has a positive and significant impact on BI to use e-learning, while Technological innovation (TI) significantly moderates the relationship between SN and PU, PU and BI to use e-learning. This study is the first to determine a negative and significant relationship between CA and PU, in the context of students e-learning. This study is also one of the very few that uses the GETAMEL model for e-learning settings. The results have significant practical implications for educational institutions and decision-makers, in terms of the design of the e-learning system in universities. Display Omitted The GETAMEL model successfully applies to e-learning acceptance domain.Computer anxiety negatively affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.Subjective norm does not have an impact on perceived ease of use of e-learning system.Self-efficacy does not affect perceived usefulness of e-learning system.perceived ease of use does not affect perceived usefulness of e-learning system.

Examining the students behavioral intention to use e-learning in Azerbaijan? The General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning approach

Objective This research aims to build an effective and automated RPM system based on an information communication technology (ICT) framework that automatically triggers medical alerts, hospital visits, medications, and social support in a timely and precise manner, with specific attention to aging people. The goal of the proposed framework is to construct a safe, flexible, and manageable system containing multi-agent, auto-notice, sensor management, and secure transmission of data to allow an autonomous functioning of RPM. Methods The literature between 2002 and 2018 that introduces healthcare platforms with the technology of the Internet of things (IoT) is reviewed and compared in compliance with various technical and functional features. Eleven healthcare-based IoT platforms are compared. Eight of them utilize the Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API), while ten of them have Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), seven of them have device management, and nine of them have security control. In addition, Kepware's KEPServerEX communication platform containing up to 250 communication protocols is included. Results The results confirm that the proposed framework reliably operates within the complex healthcare processes, taking into account the equipment management, security management, messaging and diversification of communication protocols. This study uses the concept of IoT 3-tier through which a complete sensor management mechanism is structured. Moreover, secure data connection protects the patient's privacy. Each sensor provides a distinctive notification to construct flawless authority management. Conclusions The proposed framework can not only reach the machine-to-machine (M2M) realm, but also provide support in emergency cases.

A novel framework for a remote patient monitoring (RPM) system with abnormality detection

This paper aims to suggest a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach in the business-to-business context in order to evaluate the smartphone options and tariff plans offered by mobile service providers in respect to the taxi service operators’ preference order. With the expert questionnaire filled by decision makers (DMs) of taxi service operating firms and real data collected from heterogeneous data sources, three MCDM techniques are utilized in the selection process: an analytic hierarchy process is utilized to set the relative weights of the smartphone and tariff plan evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions and graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) are applied to select an ideal smartphone and its relevant tariff plan for taxi service operators. The GTMA weights are obtained by the proposed self-written algorithms in RStudio software. The results show that the most ideal smartphone for taxi service operators is Lenovo A2016 (LTE) offered by Azercell mobile service provider. In addition, the most suitable tariff plan along with the smartphone is “Optimist Talk” with 3000 on-net and 300 off-net minutes, 300 SMS, and the 3000-MB Internet, which costs only 29 AZN per month. This paper fills the gap in the literature that no former studies combined above-mentioned three MCDM techniques to select an ideal smartphone as well as tariff plan, which are offered by mobile service providers. In addition, using three techniques, particularly the R script implementing the dynamic-programming concept to calculate the assessed index scores for GTMA, significantly contribute to DMs in the B2B context to find an ideal solution not only in the mobile service but also in other domains.

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An Integrated Smartphone and Tariff Plan Selection for Taxi Service Operators: MCDM and RStudio Approach

In light of the need for Extramural Hospital Information System (HIS) access through mobile devices outside the hospital, this research analyzes situational information security threats, including the circumstances in which a mobile device may get lost and personal data may be stolen. Moreover, the system needs to be implemented in accordance with the regulations. Based on the security threat analysis, it is proposed to use a security control module to provide a security-enabled HIS proxy module, two-way authentication module, and One-Time Password (OTP). The sending module and cryptographic technology computing module with Micro SD encryption card form a set of HIS extension system, which includes the SMS OTP method to simultaneously verify the two-way authentication mechanism of a user and the device that the user owns.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2628/pdf

Jeyhun Hajiyev

Papers

Examining the students behavioral intention to use e-learning in Azerbaijan? The General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning approach

A novel framework for a remote patient monitoring (RPM) system with abnormality detection

An Integrated Smartphone and Tariff Plan Selection for Taxi Service Operators: MCDM and RStudio Approach

Study of Out-Of-Hospital Access to HIS System: A Security Perspective