1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inﬂammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy

Colloidal synthesis offers a route to nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled composition and structural features. This Perspective describes the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain such nanostructures. PVP can serve as a surface stabilizer, growth modifier, nanoparticle dispersant, and reducing agent. As shown with examples, its role depends on the synthetic conditions. This dependence arises from the amphiphilic nature of PVP along with the molecular weight of the selected PVP. These characteristics can affect nanoparticle growth and morphology by providing solubility in diverse solvents, selective surface stabilization, and even access to kinetically controlled growth conditions. This Perspective includes discussions of the properties of PVP-capped NPs for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), assembly, catalysis, and more. The contribution of PVP to these properties as well as its removal is considered. Ultimately, the NPs accessed through the use of PVP in colloidal syntheses are opening new applications, and the concluding guidelines provided herein should enable new nanostructures to be accessed facilely.

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in nanoparticle synthesis

Porous anodic aluminum oxide: anodization and templated synthesis of functional nanostructures.

A targeted drug delivery system is the need of the hour. Guiding magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the help of an external magnetic field to its target is the principle behind the development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as novel drug delivery vehicles. SPIONs are small synthetic γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) or Fe3O4 (magnetite) particles with a core ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm in diameter. These magnetic particles are coated with certain biocompatible polymers, such as dextran or polyethylene glycol, which provide chemical handles for the conjugation of therapeutic agents and also improve their blood distribution profile. The current research on SPIONs is opening up wide horizons for their use as diagnostic agents in magnetic resonance imaging as well as for drug delivery vehicles. Delivery of anticancer drugs by coupling with functionalized SPIONs to their targeted site is one of the most pursued areas of research in the development of cancer treatment strategies. SPIONs have also demonstrated their efficiency as nonviral gene vectors that facilitate the introduction of plasmids into the nucleus at rates multifold those of routinely available standard technologies. SPION-induced hyperthermia has also been utilized for localized killing of cancerous cells. Despite their potential biomedical application, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and altered cellular responses are some SPION-related toxicological aspects which require due consideration. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of SPIONs with regard to their method of preparation, their utility as drug delivery vehicles, and some concerns which need to be resolved before they can be moved from bench top to bedside.

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers

Iron oxide and zinc oxide core–shell nanoparticles can deliver antigens into dendritic cells and also act as an imaging agent for cancer immunotherapy.

/pdf/a-multifunctional-core-shell-nanoparticle-for-dendritic-cell-85hi9ar7m9.pdf

A multifunctional core–shell nanoparticle for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy

One-pot polyol synthesis of monosize PVP-coated sub-5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Nanowires are a focus of research interests as one-dimensional nanosystems and promise exciting applications in nanotechnology, ranging from nanoelectronic devices to cell separation and magnetic labeling in biomedicine. Avariety of methods have been devised to prepare them from magnetic, semiconductor, inorganic, organic, polymer, metallic, and dielectric materials to provide nanowires with novel optical, electrical, catalytic, and magnetic properties. Multilayered or barcode arrangements of nanowires which incorporate different material components are a special case as a result of their spatial arraying, multiple functionalities, and enhanced properties in comparison to those of their single-component counterparts. For instance, Co–Cu barcode nanowires were explored for their high magnetoresistance compared to that of the well-studied thin films, 17] while the coding of magnetic and optical properties in a single wire was targeted for the separation, detection, and transport of cells. Interested in the transport properties and potential applications of nanowires in nanodevices and biomedicine, we have investigated magnetic nanowires by electrodeposition. For biomedical purposes, however, two issues have to be addressed for the implementation of such nanowires, namely surface modification and biocompatibility. In this respect, the synthesis of iron–gold (Fe–Au) nanowires is appealing not only in terms of magnetic properties but also with respect to biological compatibility. On one hand, iron is favored as it is unique in the field of magnetic materials owing to its high magnetization and physicochemical potentiality. It can be easily converted into oxides, which have been thoroughly studied in the form of magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field for their magnetic properties and exceptional biocompatibility. On the other hand, gold is a wellestablished material that displays attractive optical properties, biological compatibility, catalytic activity, and excellent surface effects. Thus, it was anticipated that the integration of these two materials into a one-dimensional barcode arrangement on the nanoscale would produce a new nanostructured material that retains the optical and magnetic properties of the respective components, offering synergistically enhanced performance and functionalities which go beyond those of the individual components. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of such a kind of multifunctional magnetic–optical Fe–Au barcode nanostructures, that is, nanowires consisting of alternative Fe magnetic and Au optical segments. The Fe–Au barcode nanowires were constructed using anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates by pulse electrodeposition thus forming iron and gold segments alternatively in a single bath under desired pulse current densities (e.g. 10 mAcm 2 and 0.5 mAcm ) with regulated pulse durations to control the respective segmental lengths (see Experimental Section). The selection of a current density to electrodeposit Fe or Au was based on the evaluation of the composition versus current density profile (Figure 1a), which was acquired from the analysis of the samples each obtained at a given constant current density, by inductively coupled

Ji Hyun Min

Papers

A multifunctional core–shell nanoparticle for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy

One-pot polyol synthesis of monosize PVP-coated sub-5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Iron–Gold Barcode Nanowires

Control of magnetic anisotropy of Co nanowires

Isolation of DNA using magnetic nanoparticles coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid.