Photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has been used to develop small, wearable, pulse rate sensors. These devices, consisting of infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors, offer a simple, reliable, low-cost means of monitoring the pulse rate noninvasively. Recent advances in optical technology have facilitated the use of high-intensity green LEDs for PPG, increasing the adoption of this measurement technique. In this review, we briefly present the history of PPG and recent developments in wearable pulse rate sensors with green LEDs. The application of wearable pulse rate monitors is discussed.

Wearable Photoplethysmographic Sensors—Past and Present

A monitoring device configured to be attached to the ear of a person includes a base, an earbud housing extending outwardly from the base that is configured to be positioned within an ear of a subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud housing. The base includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical detector. The cover includes light transmissive material that is in optical communication with the optical emitter and the optical detector and serves as a light guide to deliver light from the optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject wearing the device at one or more predetermined locations and to collect light external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected light to the optical detector.

Light-guiding devices and monitoring devices incorporating same

Methods and apparatus for qualifying and quantifying excitation-dependent physiological information extracted from wearable sensors in the midst of interference from unwanted sources are provided. An organism is interrogated with at least one excitation energy, energy response signals from two or more distinct physiological regions are sensed, and these signals are processed to generate an extracted signal. The extracted signal is compared with a physiological model to qualify and/or quantify a physiological property. Additionally, important physiological information can be qualified and quantified by comparing the excitation wavelength-dependent response, measured via wearable sensors, with a physiological model.

Noninvasive physiological analysis using excitation-sensor modules and related devices and methods

A photoplethysmograph (PPG) is a simple medical device for monitoring blood flow and transportation of substances in the blood. It consists of a light source and a photodetector for measuring transmitted and reflected light signals. Clinically, PPGs are used to monitor the pulse rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and blood vessel stiffness. Wearable unobtrusive PPG monitors are commercially available. Here, we review the principle issues and clinical applications of PPG for monitoring oxygen saturation.

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Current progress of photoplethysmography and SPO2 for health monitoring.

Devices, systems and methods are described which control blood pressure and nervous system activity by stimulating baroreceptors. By selectively and controllably activating baroreceptors and/or nerves, the present invention reduces blood pressure and alters the sympathetic nervous system; thereby minimizing deleterious effects on the heart, vasculature and other organs and tissues. A baroreceptor activation device or other sensory activation device is positioned near a dermal bone to provide the treatment.

Methods and devices for treating hypertension

Reduction the motion artifact from photo plethysmograph (PPG) signals can improve the precision of the measurement of heart rate or arterial oxygen saturation in movement state. This paper presents a new wristband PPG/ACC sensor device, which utilizes the adaptive filter technique to reduce the motion artifact of the original PPG signals. A 3-axis MEMS accelerometer sensor is attached to the PPG sensor to detect the wrist movement. A fast transversal RLS algorithm is performed to reduce the computed complexity of the adaptive filter. Experiment results show that this device can provide more reliable and stable signals against motion artifact corruption under the typical types of movement, such as swinging arms.

A new wristband wearable sensor using adaptive reduction filter to reduce motion artifact

The invention relates to an emotion regulating device and a method thereof. The device comprises a physiological signal acquisition module, a physiological signal processing module, a central processing module, a music playing module and the like, wherein, the physiological signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a physiological signal and transmitting the physiological signal to the physiological signal processing module to be processed; the physiological signal processing module transmits a processing result to the central processing module to be analyzed and calculated; and the central processing module mobilizes the music playing module to play corresponding music according to an analysis result. The emotion regulating device effectively and reasonably combines physiological signal monitoring of human body with musicotherapy, calculates to obtain physiological parameters so as to determine an emotion regulating scheme by collecting the physiological signal of the human body, and selects a specific music file to play so that a user can regulate self emotion by listening music. The emotion regulating device stores and records the collected physiological signal and the physiological parameters of the human body and can monitor the physiological parameters of the human body of the user for a long term.

Emotion regulating device and method thereof

The invention relates to a real-time transmission method of human physiological data. The method comprises the following steps: a connected is established between a mobile terminal and a server, the mobile terminal packs the human physiological data to be sent to a request packet and starts up the transmission of the packet, the server receives the packet, and when the transmission is finished, the connection between the mobile terminal and the server is disconnected. A human physiological data transformat based on a HTTP protocol is established between the mobile terminal and the server by using the real-time convenience of the mobile internet. The human physiological data collected by the mobile terminal can be transmitted to the server in real time in order to facilitate the storage and sharing of the physiological data. The server analyzes and processes the received data and feeds back the analysis and processing result to the mobile terminal, consequently the user can know his own physiological state in real time and takes corresponding measures.

Human physiological data transmission method and system of mobile terminal and server

With the advances of information technology, there're broad prospects for mobile health information systems. In mobile health, information visualization plays an important role. The challenges are supporting heterogeneous devices, meeting a variety of user requirements and so on. Design patterns provide an effective solution to these problems. However, in mobile health area, there is seldom a systematic approach applying the design patterns to implement information visualization. In this paper, we elaborate how design patterns are applied to execute information visualization of mobile health systems. We present a modified MVC pattern according to requirements of the system. We also propose a “regulation-composite” pattern based on general-purpose patterns. By using both patterns, we actualize a visualization platform of mobile health system and facilitate its extensibility and flexibility. The methods used in this paper can provide a strategy for information visualization

Developing novel design patterns in information visualization for mobile health systems

Hypertension is a common clinical disease and a major risk to human health. Relationships between specific music phrases and cardiovascular variability promote music therapy to an important part of anti-hypertension treatment. We integrate our former related researches achievement into a new portable monitor based on smart phone. The new portable device which is made up of health accessories and mobile software, can measure user's blood pressure (BP) with a cuff-less technique, do data processing, display waveforms and parameters and play selected music. The strategy of music selection is based on correlation coefficient, which derived from rhythm of music phrases and blood pressure. The coefficient determines the type of music should be selected and played.

Jingmeng Zhang

Papers

A new wristband wearable sensor using adaptive reduction filter to reduce motion artifact

Emotion regulating device and method thereof

Human physiological data transmission method and system of mobile terminal and server

Developing novel design patterns in information visualization for mobile health systems

Implementation of portable monitor based on mobile phone for music therapy on hypertension