Introduction - after the science question in feminism. Part 1 Science: feminism confronts the sciences how the women's movement benefits science - two views why \"physics\" is a bad model for physics. Part 2 Epistemology: what is feminist epistemology \"strong objectivity\" and socially situated knowledge feminist epistemology in and after the enlightenment. Part 3 \"Others\": \"...and race?\" - the science question in global feminism common histories, common destinies - science in the first and third worlds \"real science\" thinking from the perspective of lesbian lives reinventing ourselves as other Conclusion - what is a feminist science.

Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives

The capture and use of carbon dioxide to create valuable products might lower the net costs of reducing emissions or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Here we review ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide. Pathways that involve chemicals, fuels and microalgae might reduce emissions of carbon dioxide but have limited potential for its removal, whereas pathways that involve construction materials can both utilize and remove carbon dioxide. Land-based pathways can increase agricultural output and remove carbon dioxide. Our assessment suggests that each pathway could scale to over 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide utilization annually. However, barriers to implementation remain substantial and resource constraints prevent the simultaneous deployment of all pathways. Ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide are reviewed, considering their potential scale, economics and barriers to implementation.

/pdf/the-technological-and-economic-prospects-for-co2-utilization-228jtpzp5r.pdf

The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal

In a synthesis of 21 qualitative studies representing the views of more than 1,230 women from 15 countries, Kenneth Finlayson and Soo Downe examine the reasons why many women in low- and middle-income countries do not receive adequate antenatal care.

http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/6687/7/6687_Downe.pdf

Why do women not use antenatal services in low- and middle-income countries? A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Problem Given the number of times in which an unknown event has happened and failed: Required the chance that the probability of its happening in a single trial lies somewhere between any two degrees of probability that can be named. SECTION 1 Definition 1. Several events are inconsistent, when if one of them happens, none of the rest can. 2. Two events are contrary when one, or other of them must; and both together cannot happen. 3. An event is said to fail, when it cannot happen; or, which comes to the same thing, when its contrary has happened. 4. An event is said to be determined when it has either happened or failed. 5. The probability of any event is the ratio between the value at which an expectation depending on the happening of the event ought to be computed, and the value of the thing expected upon it’s 2 happening.

An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. [Facsimil]

The anticipated growth and urbanization of the global population over the next several decades will create a vast demand for the construction of new housing, commercial buildings and accompanying infrastructure. The production of cement, steel and other building materials associated with this wave of construction will become a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Might it be possible to transform this potential threat to the global climate system into a powerful means to mitigate climate change? To answer this provocative question, we explore the potential of mid-rise urban buildings designed with engineered timber to provide long-term storage of carbon and to avoid the carbon-intensive production of mineral-based construction materials. Increasing urbanization will lead to a significant expansion of buildings and related infrastructure, major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. This Perspective discusses the possibility of constructing mid-rise urban buildings with engineered timber for long-term carbon storage and carbon emissions reduction.

Buildings as a global carbon sink

Timber-concrete-composite (TCC) systems have increasingly been used in recent decades. One of the main reasons for this development is related to applications that could not be built with timber alone, but that become possible with a TCC solution. This paper first gives a short overview of the use of TCCs, the relevant regulatory framework, and then presents several case studies of TCC applications. The perspectives and examples are from Europe, North America and Oceania to give a worldwide perspective from regions where TCC systems are being used. The structural systems presented in the case studies include bridges and floors in public buildings. For each project, details of the application are presented and the way each one contributed to extend the use of timber in construction.

Timber-concrete-composites increasing the use of timber in construction

Women's perspectives of the stages and phases of labour

New Zealand midwives are increasingly seeking and receiving professional support in clinical practice. This support is gaining acceptance within the profession and is now underpinned by government funding. There are a variety of ways in which support can be provided and this review of the literature describes three main approaches: mentoring, preceptorship and clinical supervision. These three key processes may be undertaken by all midwives whether new to practice or new to New Zealand and also by those who wish ongoing support and development. The first government funded support for all new midwifery graduates is called the Midwifery First Year of Practice programme (MFYP) (New Zealand College of Midwives, 2007). The programme commenced in 2007 and includes a mentoring component. This paper traces the different histories of the terms: mentoring, preceptorship and clinical supervision internationally with reference to their current significance within New Zealand midwifery. These terms have evolved over time, and within different international contexts can manifest quite differently. The array of meanings ascribed to the same concept can cause confusion when midwives begin practice, change from hospital to community practice or change countries. This paper captures the common characteristics of the three terms in the literature. Clarity around the terms is essential if midwives are to gain maximum benefit from the provision of funded support for clinical practice.

/pdf/mentorship-preceptorship-and-clinical-supervision-three-key-51ejwd56cj.pdf

Mentorship, preceptorship and clinical supervision: three key processes for supporting midwives

Background: Women have described normal labour and birth in terms of their emotions. Major advances in knowledge have occurred within the sciences resulting in an understanding of emotions as prime directors of human behaviour which is orchestrated by neurohormones. Method: This paper focusses on key aspects of contemporary knowledge of childbirth physiology, neuroscience and behaviour. It integrates this understanding with women’s descriptions of their emotions during labour. Findings: Neurohormones associated with labour and birth are designed to trigger a transformation in the body and behaviour and create an environment which supports both the mother and the baby. Hormones and emotions are intertwined and interconnected. Labour hormones are linked to the woman’s emotions and behaviour during labour and birth as well as the physical signs of labour. An interactive model is presented which explains labour in terms of both the physical effects and the emotional affects that women have described as part of their labour experience. The hypothesis for this model is that the hormones that initiate and sustain labour also cause the instinctual emotions that women feel, and the behaviour they exhibit, during spontaneous labour and birth. Conclusions: Hormonal changes are necessary to support the physical and emotional changes during labour and birth. The neurohormones which operate during pregnancy and during labour and birth also support PRACTICE ISSUE parenting behaviour. This paper integrates the contemporary scientific understanding of the role of neurohormones and their association, with the woman’s behaviour and emotions during labour. It argues for, and provides the foundations of, a new conceptual framework for understanding labour and birth, one which integrates mind, body and behaviour.

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/31887/1/2012007630OK.pdf

Joan Skinner

Papers

Timber-concrete-composites increasing the use of timber in construction

Women's perspectives of the stages and phases of labour

Mentorship, preceptorship and clinical supervision: three key processes for supporting midwives

The emotional and hormonal pathways of labour and birth: integrating mind, body and behaviour

Consultation, referral, and collaboration between midwives and obstetricians: lessons from New Zealand.