Energy is ability or capacity to do work. The renewable energy sources are non-conventional and environmental friendly in nature. The renewable energy technology is a direct substitute of recent technology. With the help of renewable energy we can save more energy, make better environment by the replacement of fossil fuels. In the last two to three decades the environmental related problems are more created therefore the application of renewable energy technology is highly applicable for better environmental conditions. As the world population increases therefore the energy consumptions are also increases day by day so that we need to move alternative source of energy. Accounting for different types of renewable energy, this study evaluates the energy mix evolution in relation to a country's development level (proxied by real GDP per capita). Indian renewable energy sector is the fourth most attractive renewable energy market in the world. The Government of India is committed to increase the use of clean energy sources and is already undertaking various large-scale sustainable power projects and promoting green energy highly. The relation between renewable energy and sustainable development and their future scopes are broadly discussed in this paper. The estimated results asserted that renewable energy output, energy efficiency, economic growth and carbon emissions are the significant factors of renewable energy consumption. Further, this study suggests increased investment in renewable energy output, the energy efficiency sector and environmentally related technological innovation to encourage renewable energy consumption. 

Renewable energy present status and future potentials in India: An overview

Biochar is the solid material produced from the carbonization of organic feedstock biomass. This material has several unique characteristics such as greater carbon content, good electrical conductivity, high stability and large surface area, which can be applied in several research areas such as generation of power and wastewater treatment. In connection with this, recently, the investigations on biochar significantly focus on the removal of toxic heavy metals since the biochar material is easily available and environmentally friendly. According to an environmental analytical device, biochar-derived carbonaceous material has been additionally applied to the synthesis of an effective, sensitive, and low-cost electrochemical sensor. Biochar with an assessment of electrochemical properties has engaged with different redox reactions in water. In this survey, electrochemical ways of behaving of biochar in light of the electrochemical structures were analytically compiled as well as the impact from biomass sources and manufacturing process including carbonization strategies, pre-treatment/changed techniques. This review emphasizes the various synthesis methods of biochar form organic feedstock, properties and different modulations of biochar for the bioremediation of heavy metals. This review study emphasizes the utilization of biochar as sensing platform and supercapacitor for electrode fabrication in electrochemical biosensor to enhance the remediation of toxic contaminants from water streams and by switching the less ecological traditional materials. Brief information on the techniques employed for packaging biochar as carbon electrode is summarized. Scope in the aspect of environmental concern of biochar, future challenges and prospects are proposed in detail. 

Biochar derived carbonaceous material for various environmental applications: Systematic review.

Comparative thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis of various medical waste-to-hydrogen/methanol pathways based on plasma gasification

Energy consumption is increasing rapidly; hence, the energy demand cannot be fulfilled using traditional power resources only. Power systems based on renewable energy, including solar and wind, are effective and friendly for the environment. Islanded hybrid microgrid systems (IHMS) are relatively new in this industry and combine two or more sustainable sources, such as wind turbines, solar photovoltaic (PV), and other renewable alternatives, ocean, wave, and geothermal energy, etc. While sustainable, long-lasting power sources are the best choice to satisfy the growing energy demands, they are still not yet ready to be used on a large scale due to their stochastic characteristics. Furthermore, integrating these sources into the existing energy system can cause high technical difficulties, due to the stochastic nature of solar and wind in the conventional grid system and common stand-alone framework. A review of research and applications of the effective hybridization of renewable energy sources is therefore essential to address those technical and economic issues and ensure system stability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This article discusses the challenges that might arise when a PV plant and a wind power station are combined to produce power for the conventional main grid or in a stand-alone system. In addition, this analysis provides light on optimization approaches for improving power quality and cost-effectiveness in a solar and wind integrated IHMS. Voltage fluctuation, frequency deviation, and the uncertain nature of solar irradiation and wind sources are significant challenges for both grid-connected and standalone hybrid systems. This study then provides an overview of the control strategies which might help enhance the integration of the IHMS in producing electricity for distribution to the grid-connected load and the islanded load. In this study, the possible issues that can hinder the smooth integration of these renewable sources have been discussed. Finally, this study discusses the recent platforms being used in IHMS as well as the potential of dispatch strategies on solar and wind-integrated IHMS.

/pdf/evaluation-of-different-optimization-techniques-and-control-2uarl26z.pdf

Evaluation of Different Optimization Techniques and Control Strategies of Hybrid Microgrid: A Review

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a large portion of the various activities in the agriculture and food supply chain (AFSC) are extremely dependent on fossil fuels and contribute to 24% of the total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are several strategies to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate the associated destructive impacts. Among them, substituting fossil fuels with alternative low-carbon energy sources has received remarkable attention. The core concept of this study is to explore the relationship between food security, sustainable development, and renewable energy. Renewable energy has shown promising potential for integration into a wide range of agricultural activities and offers an alternative sustainable solution to current practices. In modern agriculture, the need for electrification has increased, with electric tractors and agricultural robots accounting for a large share, which represents a great opportunity for the use of renewable technologies in this sector. As new technologies emerge, investors need to familiarize themselves with them. Further technical improvements, cost reductions, and government incentives can facilitate the real-world deployment of sustainable renewable technologies in agriculture and food production. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43154-022-00080-x.pdf

Joanne C. Langan

Papers

A review on biomass and wind as renewable energy for sustainable environment