物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Indoor localization has recently witnessed an increase in interest, due to the potential wide range of services it can provide by leveraging Internet of Things (IoT), and ubiquitous connectivity. Different techniques, wireless technologies and mechanisms have been proposed in the literature to provide indoor localization services in order to improve the services provided to the users. However, there is a lack of an up-to-date survey paper that incorporates some of the recently proposed accurate and reliable localization systems. In this paper, we aim to provide a detailed survey of different indoor localization techniques, such as angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), return time of flight (RTOF), and received signal strength (RSS); based on technologies, such as WiFi, radio frequency identification device (RFID), ultra wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and systems that have been proposed in the literature. This paper primarily discusses localization and positioning of human users and their devices. We highlight the strengths of the existing systems proposed in the literature. In contrast with the existing surveys, we also evaluate different systems from the perspective of energy efficiency, availability, cost, reception range, latency, scalability, and tracking accuracy. Rather than comparing the technologies or techniques, we compare the localization systems and summarize their working principle. We also discuss remaining challenges to accurate indoor localization.

A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies

Computer and Robot Vision Vol. 1, by R.M. Haralick and Linda G. Shapiro, Addison-Wesley, 1992, ISBN 0-201-10887-1.

Computer and Robot Vision

http://www.rmorais.utad.pt/RMPDFFiles/PDFPapers/WANG06.pdf

Review: Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-Recent development and future perspective

The spatial features of emitted wireless signals are the basis of location distinction and determination for wireless indoor localization. Available in mainstream wireless signal measurements, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) has been adopted in vast indoor localization systems. However, it suffers from dramatic performance degradation in complex situations due to multipath fading and temporal dynamics. Break-through techniques resort to finer-grained wireless channel measurement than RSSI. Different from RSSI, the PHY layer power feature, channel response, is able to discriminate multipath characteristics, and thus holds the potential for the convergence of accurate and pervasive indoor localization. Channel State Information (CSI, reflecting channel response in 802.11 a/g/n) has attracted many research efforts and some pioneer works have demonstrated submeter or even centimeter-level accuracy. In this article, we survey this new trend of channel response in localization. The differences between CSI and RSSI are highlighted with respect to network layering, time resolution, frequency resolution, stability, and accessibility. Furthermore, we investigate a large body of recent works and classify them overall into three categories according to how to use CSI. For each category, we emphasize the basic principles and address future directions of research in this new and largely open area.

From RSSI to CSI: Indoor Localization via Channel Response, A survey on indoor localization using PHY-layer information

The availability of a reliable and accurate indoor positioning system (IPS) for emergency responders during on-duty missions is regarded as an essential tool to improve situational awareness of both the emergency responders and the incident commander. This tool would facilitate the mission planning, coordination, and accomplishment, as well as decrease the number of on-duty deaths. Due to the absence of global positioning system signal in indoor environments, many other signals and sensors have been proposed for indoor usage. However, the challenging scenarios faced by emergency responders imply explicit restrictions and requirements on the design of an IPS, making the use of some technologies, techniques, and methods inadequate on these scenarios. This survey identifies the specific requirements of an IPS for emergency responders and provides a tutorial coverage of the localization techniques and methods, highlighting the pros and cons of their use. Then, the existing IPSs specifically developed for emergency scenarios are reviewed and compared with a focus on the design choices, requirements, and additional features. By doing so, an overview of current IPS schemes as well as their performance is given. Finally, we discuss the main issues of the existing IPSs and some future directions.

Localization and Positioning Systems for Emergency Responders: A Survey

Point-cloud based 3D object detection and classification methods for self-driving applications: A survey and taxonomy

Wireless Sensor Networks are an emerging technology which has been recently adopted in many applications. Due to its wireless nature, the analysis of the radio propagation models plays an important role for performance evaluation in both theoretical and practical aspects. In this regards, path loss exponent is one of the most important parameter which has been considered widely in wireless communications analysis. There are several theoretical evaluations of path loss exponent for wireless sensor networks available in the literature. However there is a lack of experimental evaluation of both path loss exponent and the effect of shadowing. In this paper, three environments (free space, in building and industrial), where wireless sensor nodes are widely deployed, have been chosen in order to evaluate the experimental analysis. Path loss and path loss exponent are measured by means of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and based on them, the standard deviation of shadowing effect is also calculated. All the measured parameters are compared with the theoretical analysis available in the literatures.

João L. Monteiro

Papers

Localization and Positioning Systems for Emergency Responders: A Survey

Point-cloud based 3D object detection and classification methods for self-driving applications: A survey and taxonomy

Path loss exponent analysis in Wireless Sensor Networks: Experimental evaluation

A networked platform for agricultural management systems

Using a multi-agent system approach for microaneurysm detection in fundus images