Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide

Transparent conductors—A status review

Oxide pyrochlores — A review

The increasing human need for clean and renewable energy has stimulated research in artificial photosynthesis, and in particular water photoelectrolysis as a pathway to hydrogen fuel. Nanostructured devices are widely regarded as an opportunity to improve efficiency and lower costs, but as a detailed analysis shows, they also have considerably disadvantages. This article reviews the current state of research on nanoscale-enhanced photoelectrodes and photocatalysts for the water splitting reaction. The focus is on transition metal oxides with special emphasis of Fe2O3, but nitrides and chalcogenides, and main group element compounds, including carbon nitride and silicon, are also covered. The effects of nanostructuring on carrier generation and collection, multiple exciton generation, and quantum confinement are also discussed, as well as implications of particle size on surface recombination, on the size of space charge layers and on the possibility of controlling nanostructure energetics via potential determining ions. After a summary of electrocatalytic and plasmonic nanostructures, the review concludes with an outlook on the challenges in solar fuel generation with nanoscale inorganic materials.

Inorganic nanostructures for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting

Morphology of a TiO2 Photocatalyst (Degussa, P-25) Consisting of Anatase and Rutile Crystalline Phases

Water distribution and wastewater systems are vulnerable to physical attacks and cyberattacks.

Analyzing and Mitigating Water Utility System Vulnerabilities

The utility of simultaneous parameter measurements in thermal analysis

The dependence of thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and dielectric constant on organic content is discussed for oil shales of the Green River Formation. The applicability of thermophysical measurements for assaying and retort diagnostic purposes is also discussed in the light of methods that are currently in use in oil shale science and technology.

Practical Applications of Thermophysical Property Measurements in Oil Shale Technology

In an earlier paper [J. Appl. Phys. 50, 2776 (1979)], the modified Cheng‐Vachon model was found to give good agreement with experimental data on the variation of thermal diffusivity with organic content for Green River oil shales. Calculations using the model were carried out for the case where heat flows in directions perpendicular to the shale stratigraphic planes. In the present paper, the above model is modified to account for experimental trends in the parallel heat‐flow case. The modified model provides a self‐consistent explanation for the lower degree of anisotropy (relative to theory) that has been experimentally observed for the thermal diffusivity of Green River oil shales.

Dependence of thermal diffusivity on organic content for Green River oil shales—Extension of the modified Cheng‐Vachon model to the parallel heat‐flow case

The frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity of potassium perchlorate, rubidium perchlorate, and cesium perchlorate is discussed. Frequencies in the range 50 Hz to 1 kHz and temperatures from ambient to ≈ 620 K are included for this study. Similarities and differences in the temperature- and frequency-dependent electrical conductivity behavior of the above compounds and the effect of ionic radii on the activation energies for charge carrier transport are highlighted in the present study.



Es wird die Frequenzabhangigkeit der elektrischen Leitfahigkeit von Kaliumperchlorat, Rubidium-perchlorat und Casiumperchlorat diskutiert. Dabei werden Frequenzen im Bereich von 50 Hz bis 1 kHz und Temperaturen von Zimmertemperatur bis ≈ 620 K benutzt. Ahnlichkeiten und Unterschiede der Temperatur- und Frequenzabhangigkeit der elektrischen Leitfahigkeit der erwahnten Verbindungen und der Einflus der Ionenradien auf die Aktivierungsenergien fur den Ladungs-tragertransport werden in der Untersuchung herausgestellt.

Joel B. DuBow

Papers

Analyzing and Mitigating Water Utility System Vulnerabilities

The utility of simultaneous parameter measurements in thermal analysis

Practical Applications of Thermophysical Property Measurements in Oil Shale Technology

Dependence of thermal diffusivity on organic content for Green River oil shales—Extension of the modified Cheng‐Vachon model to the parallel heat‐flow case

Frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity of MClO4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) compounds