Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids

In the present work, a series of experiments were designed and conducted to prepare biodiesel from cottonseed oil and to blend it with octanol.
The thermal and mass transfer characteristics of the biodiesel were further improved by adding functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
The performance of the engine with the blended fuel was analyzed through characterization and measurement of the gas emissions from the engine. Four blends of cottonseed oil (B20, B40, B60, and B100) were prepared initially, and each blend was added with octanol additive of 5%, 10%, and 15% together with 3% of functionalized MWCNTs by mass. The performance analysis showed that B20 with 5%, 10%, and 15% octanol represented relatively lower brake specific fuel consumption relative to all test fuels. Likewise, the addition of MWCNT nanoparticle further stabilized the rate of fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. It was also identified that at larger values of diesel and biodiesel blends, the performance and also the quantity of gas emission were the same.

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Investigation on the effect of cottonseed oil blended with different percentages of octanol and suspended MWCNT nanoparticles on diesel engine characteristics

Experimental investigation of ZnO nanoparticles effects on thermophysical and tribological properties of diesel oil

In the current investigation, the heat transfer development with the turbulent flow of novel metal oxide-based ternary composite nanofluids of ZnO + Al2O3+TiO2/DW at varying wt.% concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) in a square heat exchanger below constant heat flux conditions was discussed. The new ternary composite nanofluids were synthesized by using the sonochemical technique. The ZnO + Al2O3+TiO2/DW based ternary composite nanofluids with their respective wt. % reveals an enhancement in effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient local and average with Reynolds numbers varying from 4550 to 20,367. The extreme growth in overall effective thermal conductivity was noticed up to 1.149 W/m-K at 0.1 wt% for ternary hybrid composite nanofluids at a maximum temperature 45 °C. Similarly, at 0.075 wt%, 0.05 wt%, and 0.025 wt% the overall effective thermal conductivity was recorded 1.118 W/m-K, 1.091 W/m-K, and 1.079 W/m-K correspondingly, which is greater than that of base fluid (DW), with improved thermo-physical characteristics for novel ZnO + Al2O3+TiO2/DW ternary hybrid composite nanofluids. Also, it shows an improvement in local and average heat transfer with a maximum growth of 0.1 wt %. The maximum heat transfer was observed for ZnO + Al2O3+TiO2/DW based Ternary hybrid composite nanofluids at 0.1 wt % concentrations, up to 900–5700 W/m2K, which is 89% higher than distilled water. While, an enhancement of 900–3870 W/m2K, 900–3350 W/m2K, 900–2750 W/m2K were observed for the other three wt. % 0.075, 0.05 and 0.025, respectively. The study revealed that the metal oxide based ternary hybrid composites nanofluids are suitable for nano coolant applications due to improved thermophysical characteristics and also it is applicable for energy management in industrial applications.

Heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized novel mixed metal oxide ZnO+Al2O3+TiO2/DW based ternary hybrid nanofluids in a square flow conduit

Ultrasonic assisted new Al2O3@TiO2-ZnO/DW ternary composites nanofluids for enhanced energy transportation in a closed horizontal circular flow passage

Effect of ZnO-water based nanofluids from sonochemical synthesis method on heat transfer in a circular flow passage

In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers around the world. The present research investigates the growth in heat transfer using ZnO-DW based nanofluids in a square heat exchanger. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using the single-pot sonochemical technique. The ZnO-DW based nanofluids with different concentrations (0.1, 0.075, 0.05 and 0.025 mass%) were prepared by using probe sonication technique. The heat transfer growth will be benchmarked using the experimental data from distilled water experiment. Reynolds numbers, average convective heat transfer coefficient (h), and Nusselt number were calculated and analyzed in this investigation. Significant enhancement of 52% in thermal conductivity was noticed at 45 °C for 0.1 mass% concentration of ZnO-DW based nanofluids, which is due to the presence of maximum ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the maximum improvement in Nusselt values recorded at the end of the square pipe is 47% for 0.1 mass%, while 32%, 27% and 17% increase was recorded for 0.075, 0.05 and 0.025 mass% concentrations, and heat transfer enhancement was from 500 to 1100, 500 to 960, 500 to 910, and 500 to 900 W m−2 K−1 for different ZnO-DW based nanofluids mass% concentrations, which is more than water due to stability of nanoparticles. It can be concluded that the heat transfer performance enhancement is credited to the combination of square pipe and well-dispersed and stable ZnO-DW based nanofluids for heat exchanger applications.

Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

A fuel additive has been believed to raise engine performance by increasing fuel efficiency. However, a study about the influence of fuel additives on CO and CO2 emission has not been clearly understood yet. In this study, we investigate the influence of fuel additives on CO and CO2 motorcycle emission. Ten different additives: Bio additives and synthetic additives mixed with gasoline with RON of 90 used to operate a standard 100 cc motor engine. The additive concentration was determined by using the factory recommended dose. The engine was activated for 100 seconds during the smoke collection procedure. The smoke was collected into a measurement chamber with a dimension of (20 × 30 × 20) cm3. The CO and CO2 concentrations were measured by using Q-Trak Indoor Air Quality Monitor 7575. The remaining fuel was drained after the measurement to calculate the consumed one. In the result, the bio-additive produced CO2 of (0.44 × 103 - 2.76 × 103) ppm and synthetic additive of (0.12 × 103 - 1.48 × 103) ppm. On the other hand, the bio additive produced CO of (0.12 × 103-1.11 × 103) ppm while the synthetic produces (0.12 × 103-1.11 × 103) ppm. The bio and synthetic additive CO2 emission factors were calculated of (0.28–8.01) ppm/ml fuel and (0.88-13.17) ppm/ml. For CO, the emission factor was obtained of (0.48–8.93) ppm/ml and 0.29 ppm/ml -4.08 ppm/ml for bio and synthetic additive, respectively. In conclusion, using bio-additives produced more CO2 and CO emissions on the motorcycle.

Johan

Papers

Effect of ZnO-water based nanofluids from sonochemical synthesis method on heat transfer in a circular flow passage

Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

The impact of additive usage on motorcycle CO and CO2 emission