Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Based on Longitudinal Data

https://www.stuurgroepondervoeding.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Determinanten-van-ondervoeding-bij-thuiswonende-ouderen-RachelvdPols-2014.pdf

Determinants of protein–energy malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review of observational studies

Malnutrition, functional ability and mortality among older people aged 60 years: a 7-year longitudinal study

Malnutrition, functional ability and mortality among older people aged ⩾60 years: a 7-year longitudinal study

Enteric infections and diarrheal diseases constitute pervasive health burdens throughout the world, with rates being highest at the two ends of life. During the first 2-3 years of life, much of the disease burden may be attributed to infection with enteric pathogens including Salmonella, rotavirus and many other bacterial, viral and protozoan organisms; however, infections due to Clostridium difficile exhibit steady increases with age. Still others, like Campylobacter infections in industrialized settings are high in early life (<2 years old) and increase again in early adulthood (called the “second weaning” by some). The reasons for these differences undoubtedly reside in part in pathogen differences; however, host factors including the commensal intestinal microbial communities, immune responses (innate and acquired), and age-dependant shifts likely play important roles. Interplay of these factors is illustrated by studies examining changes in human gut microbiota with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Recent gut microbial surveys have indicated dramatic shifts in gut microbial population structure from infants to young adults to the elders. An understanding of the evolution of these factors and their interactions (e.g., how does gut microbiota modulate the “inflamm-aging” process or vice versa) through the human life “cycle” will be important in better addressing and controlling these enteric infections and their consequences for both quality and quantity of life (often assessed as disability adjusted life-years or “DALYs”).

Enteric pathogens through life stages.

Age-related cognitive decline is a main predictor of disability among elderly people, and with the continued expansion of the aging population and the increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder of older adults, have increased. Recent epidemiological and observational studies suggest a relationship exists between lifestyle factors, including nutrition and diet, and cognitive function in aging adults. It is also suggested that malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies are associated with cognitive decline in patients with dementia. There are a variety of nutritional factors, including nutritional status and dietary patterns, that might be associated with cognitive function, and specific micronutrients and dietary components have been suggested to have an association with cognitive function as well. Based on these findings and evidence, evaluation of nutritional state, as well as nutritional intervention, might be able to play a role in the management and prevention of dementia.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ggi.12252

Nutritional management of older adults with cognitive decline and dementia.

Malnutrition and cognitive impairment among people 60 years of age and above living in regular housing and in special housing in Sweden: A population-based cohort study

Johanna Carlsson

Papers

Malnutrition and cognitive impairment among people 60 years of age and above living in regular housing and in special housing in Sweden: A population-based cohort study