Salt marshes, which represent the final stage in the leveling of marine delta plains or the filling of depressions, embayments, and other irregularities along coasts, are to some extent a measure of coastal stability or equilibrium. The overall sedimentary sequence is therefore a potential record of coastal history; it may reveal complete successions from original estuary, delta, lagoon, or bay floors to the highest intertidal flat, including lateral variations in contemporaneous facies or subfacies. Associated mineral suites are equally important indicators of both sources and possible recycling of coastal sediments. As habitable dwelling space for numerous organisms, some of which are uniquely adapted to stressful conditions, salt marsh substrates record many details of significance in paleoecology, ichnology, and environmental reconstruction.

Coastal Salt Marshes

Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems.

/pdf/a-global-review-of-the-ecosystem-services-provided-by-ewwrlk69ly.pdf

A global review of the ecosystem services provided by bivalve aquaculture

GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation models for identifying suitable sites for Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) aquaculture in Funka Bay, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan

(2007). The Need for a Balanced Ecosystem Approach to Blue Revolution Aquaculture. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 36-43.

The Need for a Balanced Ecosystem Approach to Blue Revolution Aquaculture

We write to extol the virtues of filterfeeding bivalve shellfish ‐ clams, mussels, oysters and scallops ‐ to give them their due as key players in ecologically sustainable aquaculture in the marine environment and as environmentally sensitive monitors and water purifiers. Shellfish are successfully farmed throughout the world and shellfish culture represents a legitimate use of the marine environment for sustainable food production. An equally compelling case can be made for the primary grazers such as abalone and sea urchins. In recent years it has become all too

Shellfish aquaculture — In praise of sustainable economies and environments

Fecal pellets voided by 70 invertebrate species are described, 66 of these for the first time. Pellet size is related to size of animals, and linear regressions are given for two species. Pellet characteristics described are cross-sectional shape, sculpture, differentiation, composition, and shape. The morphology is specific for many animals. However, certain species void feces which are 1) diffuse, 2) morphologically inconsistent, or 3) lack differentiating characteristics.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1351239.pdf

Fecal pellets of common invertebrates of lower York River and lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

Guest Editorial Shellfish aquaculture — In praise of sustainable economies and environments

/pdf/rib-number-and-shell-color-in-hibridized-subspecies-of-the-49oqpw8t3k.pdf

Rib number and shell color in hibridized subspecies of the atlantic bay scallop, Argopecten irradians

The major hindrances to field grow-out of juvenile hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) are wash by currents and predation. Previous data suggested that the effects of wind-driven and tidal currents could be ameliorated by baffles and to some extent by pens and gravel. In our experiments predation protection was provided by gravel, pens and crab traps. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on quantitative samples of juvenile hard clams (2 mm seed) taken quarterly from field plots established in October 1975. All possible combinations of gravel, current baffles, pens and crab traps were examined. The results are interpreted as showing the varying seasonal effects of current action (storms) and predation on these newly planted and growing seed. The protection afforded by the combination of gravel and baffles was statistically superior to any of the individual or combined effects of the four variables for the first 11 months.



The method has the advantages of being simple and promises to be adaptable to infaunal species in wide variety of habitats with a minimum of modification.

John Kraeuter

Papers

Shellfish aquaculture — In praise of sustainable economies and environments

Fecal pellets of common invertebrates of lower York River and lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

Guest Editorial Shellfish aquaculture — In praise of sustainable economies and environments

Rib number and shell color in hibridized subspecies of the atlantic bay scallop, Argopecten irradians

AN ANALYSIS OF GRAVEL, PENS, CRAB TRAPS AND CURRENT BAFFLES AS PROTECTION FOR JUVENILE HARD CLAMS (Mercenaria mercenaria)1