Institution
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
About: Virginia Institute of Marine Science is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Estuary & Population. The organization has 1414 authors who have published 3150 publications receiving 144529 citations. The organization is also known as: VIMS.
Topics: Estuary, Population, Bay, Sediment, Oyster
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
Abstract: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning. The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels. Enhanced primary production results in an accumulation of particulate organic matter, which encourages microbial activity and the consumption of dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. Dead zones have now been reported from more than 400 systems, affecting a total area of more than 245,000 square kilometers, and are probably a key stressor on marine ecosystems.
4,667 citations
••
TL;DR: The analyses clearly show that the ecosystem consequences of local species loss are as quantitatively significant as the direct effects of several global change stressors that have mobilized major international concern and remediation efforts.
Abstract: Evidence is mounting that extinctions are altering key processes important to the productivity and sustainability of Earth’s ecosystems 1–4 . Further species loss will accelerate change in ecosystem processes 5–8 , but it is unclear how these effects compare to the direct effects of other forms of environmental change that are both driving diversity loss and altering ecosystem function. Here we use a suite of meta-analyses of published data to show that the effects of species loss on productivity and decomposition—two processes important in all ecosystems—are of comparable magnitude to the effects of many other global environmental changes. In experiments, intermediate levels of species loss (21–40%) reduced plant production by 5–10%, comparable to previously documented effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate warming. Higher levels of extinction (41–60%) had effects rivalling those of ozone, acidification, elevated CO2 and nutrient pollution. At intermediate levels, species loss generally had equal or greater effects on decomposition than did elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition. The identity of species lost also had a large effect on changes in productivity and decomposition, generating a wide range of plausible outcomes for extinction. Despite the need for more studies on interactive effects of diversity loss and environmental changes, our analyses clearly show that the ecosystem consequences of local species loss are as quantitatively significant as the direct effects of several global change stressors that have mobilized major international concern and remediation efforts 9 .
1,858 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of some results obtained over the period 1979-1982 from a study of beach and surf zone dynamics is presented, dealing with the different natural beach states, the process signatures associated with these states, environmental controls on modal beach state, and the temporal variability of beach state and beach profiles.
1,742 citations
••
TL;DR: The problem of post-experiment power calculation is discussed in this paper. But, the problem is extensive and present arguments to demonstrate the flaw in the logic, which is fundamentally flawed.
Abstract: It is well known that statistical power calculations can be valuable in planning an experiment. There is also a large literature advocating that power calculations be made whenever one performs a statistical test of a hypothesis and one obtains a statistically nonsignificant result. Advocates of such post-experiment power calculations claim the calculations should be used to aid in the interpretation of the experimental results. This approach, which appears in various forms, is fundamentally flawed. We document that the problem is extensive and present arguments to demonstrate the flaw in the logic.
1,611 citations
••
Simon Fraser University1, Newbury College2, Virginia Institute of Marine Science3, Natural Environment Research Council4, Charles Darwin University5, National Marine Fisheries Service6, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research7, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources8, James Cook University9, Florida Museum of Natural History10, Old Dominion University11, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories12, Australian Institute of Marine Science13, Conservation International14, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation15
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras).
Abstract: The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world's ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery.
1,467 citations
Authors
Showing all 1433 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christopher J. Patrick | 83 | 299 | 25923 |
Hugh W. Ducklow | 80 | 243 | 22389 |
Hans-Peter Grossart | 73 | 357 | 16167 |
Robert J. Orth | 69 | 176 | 23056 |
Walker O. Smith | 69 | 205 | 13891 |
J. Emmett Duffy | 68 | 156 | 28921 |
John D. Milliman | 65 | 158 | 22454 |
John A. Musick | 59 | 172 | 14560 |
Andrew R. Zimmerman | 57 | 131 | 16082 |
Thomas M. Harris | 56 | 315 | 10534 |
Deborah K. Steinberg | 52 | 125 | 10220 |
Michael C. Newman | 52 | 267 | 12053 |
Philippe Soudant | 50 | 193 | 9396 |
James E. Bauer | 50 | 105 | 10048 |
Leif Pihl | 48 | 68 | 6094 |