Showing papers by "John L. Harwood published in 1984"
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The lipid composition of plants and microorganisms is affected by terpenoids and steroids, and lipid distributions in different organisms and their use in taxonomy are studied.
Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 1A General remarks.- 1B Classification of organisms.- 1C Lipid nomenclature.- 2 Major Lipid Types in Plants and Micro-Organisms.- 2A Fatty acids.- 2B Acyl lipids.- 2C Terpenoids.- 2D Sterols.- 2E Other lipid types.- 2F Ether lipids.- 3 Distribution of Lipids.- 3A Lipid distributions in different organisms and their use in taxonomy.- 3B Subcellular distribution of lipids.- 3C Intramembrane lipid distribution.- 3D Subcellular fractionation and membrane isolation.- 3E Factors affecting the lipid composition of plants and microorganisms.- 4 Biosynthesis.- 4A Fatty acids.- 4B Acyl lipids.- 4C Terpenoids and steroids.- 4D Complex lipids.- 4E Ether lipids.- 5 Degradation.- 5A Degradation of acyl lipids.- 5B Oxidation of fatty acids.- 6 Lipid Functions.- 6A Membrane structure and function.- 6B Storage.- 6C Microbial lipids as virulence factors.- 6D Conclusion.- Further reading.
481 citations
TL;DR: Algae collected in the winter incorporated much more radioactivity into non-esterified fatty acids when compared to algae collected inThe summer, and longer incubation times allowed the labelling of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid.
50 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: It is shown that not all aspects of bacterial lipids are generally useful in this respect, although there are many examples of the specific taxonomic use of lipid composition (and metabolism).
Abstract: Bacteria are classified into genera and species primarily on the basis of their colonial appearance, cellular morphology and growth characteristics (Sec. 1B). This information is usually supplemented with other biochemical features, including lipid composition. We shall show that not all aspects of bacterial lipids are generally useful in this respect, although there are many examples of the specific taxonomic use of lipid composition (and metabolism). It must be remembered, particularly when considering quantitative differences, that the cultural conditions may influence markedly the relative amounts of some lipids (Secs 3E & 6A.2). In addition fatty acids may be taken up from the growth medium and incorporated into acyl lipids with or without further modification.
33 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: Experiments in vitro showed that elevated Cu 2+ increased the relative labelling of lipids from [ 14 C]acetate without altering total uptake and an alteration in the pattern of fatty acids synthesised was seen in Fucus spp.
15 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered quantitatively the importance of a few types of fatty acids and found that most of them are even-chain saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Abstract: Over 500 fatty acids have been found in plants and micro-organisms but only a few of them are important quantitatively. Because of their manner of synthesis (Sec. 4A.1), many fatty acids are even-chain saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. The majority are not found as free acids, but as constituents of more complex molecules such as acyl lipids and lipopolysaccharides. These will be dealt with after we have considered the various types of fatty acids.
9 citations
5 citations