This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.

Organic geochemistry of natural waters

International programme on chemical safety

s, 61: 4784 (1964). 5. MONIER-WILLIAMS, G. W. A/umimum in food. London, Ministry of Health, 1935 (Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects). 6. SYLVESTER, R. 0. ET AL. Factors involved in the locatiOn and operation of an aluminium reduction plant. Proceedings of the 22nd Industrial Waste Conference. Lafayette, IN, Purdue University, 1967, pp. 441-454. 7. RIDGWAY, J. ET AL. Water quality changes-chemical and microbiological studies. In: Water distrzbution systems. Medmenham, England, Water Research Centre, 1979. 8. AINSWORTH, R. G. ET AL. Deposits, corrosion products and corrosion mechanisms in iron mains. In: Water distribution systems. Medmenham, England, Water Research Centre, 1979. 9. AINSWORTH, R. G. ET AL. The introduction of new water mto old distribution systems. Medmenham, England, Water Research Centre, 1980 (TR 146). 10. VozAR, L. Content of aluminium in the diet and its biological action. Voprosy pitanija, 21: 28 (1962). II. ZooK, E. G. & LEHMANN, J. Total diet study: content of ten minerals-aluminium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, boron, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium. Journal of the AssociatiOn of Official Agricultural Chemists, 48: 850 (1965). 12. GABOVICH, R. D.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhs1956/35/5/35_5_307/_pdf

WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality.

Samples of ambient particulate matter (PM10) collected during a regional haze episode are analyzed for the molecular marker levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) to track biomass-combustion generated aerosol. The particle samples were collected as part of an increased monitoring effort to measure the effect of emissions from biomass fires in Mexico and Central America on ambient particle concentrations in Texas. Atmospheric concentrations of levoglucosan quantified from PM10 samples collected at 9 sites in Texas vary from 0.2 to 1.2 μg m-3. Levoglucosan concentrations are highest at border and coastal locations, where it represents between 1.1 and 1.3% of the total PM10 mass concentrations measured. To be used as a tracer for the long-range transport of biomass aerosol, levoglucosan must be conserved in transport from source to receptor and not be subject to atmospheric reactions that would selectively remove the marker. One possible reaction specific to levoglucosan, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, is ...

Using Levoglucosan as a Molecular Marker for the Long-Range Transport of Biomass Combustion Aerosols

/pdf/toxicological-profile-for-nickel-28n8gpgs6h.pdf

Toxicological profile for nickel

Volatile organics from New Orleans drinking water and pooled plasma were collected on a solid phenyl ether polymer and analyzed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Thirteen halogenated hydrocarbons were identified in the drinking water. Five halogenated compounds were found in the plasma. Tetrachloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride were found in both the plasma and the drinking water. Considerable variation in the relative concentrations of the halogenated hydrocarbons was noted from day to day in the drinking water.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/187/4171/75.full.pdf

Halogenated hydrocarbons in New Orleans drinking water and blood plasma.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of profiles of low molecular weight volatile organic constituents obtained from cord blood and maternal blood samples collected at birth reflect transplacentally acquired compounds. The transplacental passage of halogenated hydrocarbons, plastic components, and abnormal accumulations of compounds have been demonstrated. In the 11 paired cord blood-maternal blood samples analyzed, the relative amounts of constituents in cord blood closely correspond to those quantities present in the maternal blood. However, some of the over 100 components are present in the cord blood in significantly higher concentrations than in the maternal blood, suggesting a possible selective one-way transfer of certain constituents into the fetus. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform are present in quantities equal to or greater than in maternal blood. In one infant with a lumbosacral meningomyelocele abnormally high concentrations of acetone, other components, and the food preservative 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) were identified.

/pdf/the-transplacental-migration-and-accumulation-in-blood-of-4o4zz936rl.pdf

The transplacental migration and accumulation in blood of volatile organic constituents.

New Orleans drinking water sources tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Occurrence and origin of aromatics and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fungicide and by-product of the chemical industry which has been reported in domestic and wild animais including sheep (AVRAHAMI and STE~~ 1972a), chickens (AVRAHAMI and STE~.E 1972b), terns (GILBERTSON and REYNOLDS 1972), fish (HOLDEN 1970, ZITKO 1971, JOHNSON et ai. 1974) and several other orgsnisms, including man (CAM ~ NIGOGOSYAN 1963). This compound has also been found in samples of ocean water and its persistence in the envirorm~nt has been acknowledged (SELTZER 1975). Excessive levels of HCB in adipose tissue and milk of cattle being raised in the vicinity of an industrialized region bordering the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana roused local concern in recent years. It therefore becoe~e of interest to study the distribution of the persistent chlo~ted compound in the affected area and adjacent areas of the state. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), another chlorinated compound is often found in association with HCB as an industrial by-product (LASKA, P~RT~.T. and LASETER, unpublished results). HCBD as an envirormental con~t has received little attention, and since it has been demonstrated to have substantial toxic effects in experimental work ~ 1966), the levels of HCBD were monitored concurrently with HCB. This report presents data resulting from gas chrommtographic (GC) analysis of HCB and HCBD residues extracted fr~n field s~mples of water, soil, and selected aquatic organimns taken at intervals along a 150-mile transect of the man-ruade levees of tb~ Mississippi River, from Baton Rouge to Port Sulphur, louisiana.

Distribution of hexachlorobenzene and hexachloro-butadiene in water, soil, and selected aquatic organisms along the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana

• Five normal adult volunteers without cutaneous disease applied 2% crude coal tar to the skin for eight-hour periods on two consecutive days. Blood extracts subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry yielded evidence of absorption in all five volunteers. Phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, and fluoranthene, found in four of our volunteers, have been shown to be tumor initiators or cocarcinogens. ( Arch Dermatol 1984;120:874-877)

John L. Laseter

Papers

Halogenated hydrocarbons in New Orleans drinking water and blood plasma.

The transplacental migration and accumulation in blood of volatile organic constituents.

New Orleans drinking water sources tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Occurrence and origin of aromatics and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Distribution of hexachlorobenzene and hexachloro-butadiene in water, soil, and selected aquatic organisms along the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana

Human Absorption of Crude Coal Tar Products