What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

People and Folks: Gangs, Crime and the Underclass in a Rustbelt City

In the gang

Mental Health Screening and Assessment in Juvenile Justice

Back on the streets: Maturation and risk factors for recidivism among serious juvenile offenders.

Motivated by recent advances in the study of disengagement from street gangs, this research develops a theoretical framework of enduring gang membership based on gang organization and gang identity. Using multivariate data, this research tests the theoretical framework against a competing theory derived from the general theory of crime where gang organization and gang identity are non-existent or unimportant in producing enduring gang membership. Eight waves of panel data on high-risk youth from the Denver Youth Survey and discrete-time event-history models are used to investigate enduring gang membership. The length of time an individual spends in a gang is associated with the perceived organization of the gang and an individual’s gang identity. In a hazard model, accounting for right censoring, low self-control, and contextual time-varying gang related variables, increases in gang identity were associated with (on average) a 26% lower rate of reporting no longer being a gang member. Increases in perceived gang organization were associated with (on average) a 12% lower rate of reporting no longer being a gang member. Surprisingly however, no association was found between gang organization and gang identity. This research finds support for using a theoretical framework based on gang organization and gang identity to understand enduring gang membership. Both gang identity and gang organization exert independent effects on the length of time an individual spends in a gang.

Gang Organization and Gang Identity: An Investigation of Enduring Gang Membership

Objectives:This study examines gang group processes on the digital street to understand if gang processes in the online environment mimic those on geographic street corners. Specifically, this pape...

Gangbangin on the [Face]Book: Understanding Online Interactions of Chicago Latina/o Gangs.

The rate of experiencing trauma can be quite high for juvenile offenders and those experiences can lead to feelings of anger and irritability. This study uses Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument–Version 2 (MAYSI-2) data to examine the relationship between the Traumatic Experiences (TE) and Angry–Irritable (AI) scales for juvenile offenders (N = 1,348) from a Midwest detention center. Chi-square analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between the AI scale and gender, race, and the TE scale. In addition, ordinal logistic regression results showed that as the number of traumatic experiences increased, so did the odds of scoring Caution or Warning on the AI scale. Recommendations are that juvenile justice systems utilize a trauma-informed process throughout the adjudicatory process and there be improved efforts to coordinate services across multiple systems, such as child welfare and special education, where juvenile offenders are often engaged.

What the MAYSI-2 Can Tell Us About Anger–Irritability and Trauma

This study draws on interviews with 29 former gang members to investigate changes in masculinity practices over time, which we term masculinity maturation. We find that perceptions of masculinity e...

John Leverso

Papers

Back on the streets: Maturation and risk factors for recidivism among serious juvenile offenders.

Gang Organization and Gang Identity: An Investigation of Enduring Gang Membership

Gangbangin on the [Face]Book: Understanding Online Interactions of Chicago Latina/o Gangs.

What the MAYSI-2 Can Tell Us About Anger–Irritability and Trauma

From the Hood to the Home: Masculinity Maturation of Chicago Street Gang Members: