 Many atmospheric chemicals occur in the gas phase as well as in liquid cloud droplets and aerosol particles Therefore, it is necessary to understand the distribution between the phases According to Henry's law, the equilibrium ratio between the abundances in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase is constant for a dilute solution Henry's law constants of trace gases of potential importance in environmental chemistry have been collected and converted into a uniform format The compilation contains 17 350 values of Henry's law constants for 4632 species, collected from 689 references It is also available at http://wwwhenrys-laworg 

/pdf/compilation-of-henry-s-law-constants-version-4-0-for-water-58il9q0ogv.pdf

Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent

Inorganic species in geologic fluids: Correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes

https://www.umsl.edu/~chickosj/JSCPUBS/dsccal.pdf

Reference materials for calorimetry and differential thermal analysis

The relative permeability of sodium channels to 21 organic cations was studied in myelinated nerve fibers. Ionic currents under voltage-clamp conditions were measured in sodium-free solutions containing the test cation. The measured reversal potential and the Goldman equation were used to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeability sequence was: sodium ≈ hydroxylamine > hydrazine > ammonium ≈ formamidine ≈ guanidine ≈ hydroxyguanidine > aminoguanididine >> methylamine. The cations of the following compounds were not measurably permeant: N-methylhydroxylamine, methylhydrazine, methylamine, methylguanidine, acetamidine, dimethylamine, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, ethanolamine, choline, tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane, imidazole, biguanide, and triaminoguanidine. Thus methyl and methylene groups render cations impermeant. The results can be explained on geometrical grounds by assuming that the sodium channel is an oxygen-lined pore about 3 A by 5 A in cross-section. One pair of oxygens is assumed to be an ionized carboxylic acid. Methyl and amino groups are wider than the 3 A width of the channel. Nevertheless, cations containing amino groups can slide through the channel by making hydrogen bonds to the oxygens. However, methyl groups, being unable to form hydrogen bonds, are too wide to pass through.

/pdf/the-permeability-of-the-sodium-channel-to-organic-cations-in-30jmjlfkmh.pdf

The Permeability of the Sodium Channel to Organic Cations in Myelinated Nerve

Nine non-noble-metal catalysts (NNMCs) from five different laboratories were investigated for the catalysis of O2 electroreduction in an acidic medium. The catalyst precursors were synthesized by wet impregnation, planetary ball milling, a foaming-agent technique, or a templating method. All catalyst precursors were subjected to one or more heat treatments at 700−1050 °C in an inert or reactive atmosphere. These catalysts underwent an identical set of electrochemical characterizations, including rotating-disk-electrode and polymer−electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) tests and voltammetry under N2. Ex situ characterization was comprised of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption and its analysis with an advanced model for carbonaceous powders. In PEMFC, several NNMCs display mass activities of 10−20 A g−1 at 0.8 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, and one shows 80 A g−1. The latter value corresponds to a volumetric activity of ...

Cross-laboratory experimental study of non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

The existence of synthetic macrocyclic molecules with hydrophilic cavities containing multiple binding atoms and with hydrophobic exteriors gives rise to extraordinary possibilities with respect to the design and synthesis of molecules with specific cation and anion binding properties. The preparation of many new macrocyclic compounds has recently been reported, but few practical applications for them have been suggested. From the information available, it is becoming clear that it should be possible to synthesize macrocycles that will have specified, or selected, ion binding properties. Cavity size can be varied to accommodate only those cations or anions within a specified narrow band of sizes. Numbers and types of coordinating atoms can be chosen to give essentially electrostatic or covalent bonding or a combination of the two in a metalmacrocycle complex. The metal ligand bond appears to be predominantly ionic in the case of the cyclic polyethers but the covalent character increases on substitution of sulfur or nitrogen for oxygen donor atoms. The essential hydrophobic exteriors of the macrocycles can be modified by the addition of side chains and groups to facilitate the solution of anions and cations in organic solvents. The structures of many macrocycles can be made to approximate naturally occurring molecules, that is, cyclic polyethers similar to macrocyclic antibiotics of the valinomycin and nonactin types and cyclic polyamines similar to porphyrins. Macrocycles are also useful as model compounds for the study of metal interactions with biological systems. The synthetic macrocycles thus represent an intriguing new area of coordination chemistry, the systematic study of which should lead to many interesting and useful chemical applications in the field of metal complexation in solution.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/174/4008/459.full.pdf

Ion binding by synthetic macrocyclic compounds.

Thermochemical results for “tris” as a test substance in solution calorimetry

The pyrolysis of a suite of brown coal samples and bituminous coal maceral concentrates is investigated by non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The TG data for these coals reveal a two-stage pyrolysis process. The activation energy for the primary pyrolysis stage is considerably higher than that for the secondary pyrolysis stage. It is evident that a particular coal may be characterised by the weighted mean apparent pyrolysis activation energy which correlates with the corresponding specific energy of the coal.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01913852.pdf

A kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of some australian coals by non-isothermal thermogravimetry

Separation of substituted phenols, including eleven priority pollutants using high-performance liquid chromatography

The thermal decomposition products of copper dimethyldithiocarbamate and copper diethyldithiocarbamate have been semi-quantitatively analyzed by a combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry technique and thermal decomposition mechanisms for both complexes are proposed. The fragmentation pathway is strongly influenced by the nature of the terminal alkyl group attached to the dithiocarbamate moiety.

John O. Hill

Papers

Ion binding by synthetic macrocyclic compounds.

Thermochemical results for “tris” as a test substance in solution calorimetry

A kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of some australian coals by non-isothermal thermogravimetry

Separation of substituted phenols, including eleven priority pollutants using high-performance liquid chromatography

A tg/gc/ms study of copper dimethyl- and diethyldithiocarbamates