Men and Women of the Corporation

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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

https://cws.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cws/article/download/14795/13847

Economics Of Discrimination

Organizational theory scholars typically see organizations as race-neutral bureaucratic structures, while race and ethnicity scholars have largely neglected the role of organizations in the social ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0003122418822335

A Theory of Racialized Organizations

�This paper models three stages of the union organizing drive, using a new dataset covering more than 22,000 drives that took place between 1999 and 2004. The correlated sequential model tracks drives through all of their potential stages: holding an election, winning an election, and reaching first contracts. Only one-seventh of organizing drives that filed an election petition with the NLRB managed to reach a first contract within a year of certification. The model, which controls for the endogeneity of unfair labor practice (ULP) charges, finds that a ULP charge was associated with a �0% smaller cumulative chance of reaching such a contract. ULP charges had less effect on the votes cast than on the decision to hold an election and the ability to reach a first contract. A sequential model such as this one could be extended to test between some competing theories about the determinants of union organizing.

/pdf/the-eyes-of-the-needles-a-sequential-model-of-union-56oausi0z3.pdf

The Eyes of the Needles: A Sequential Model of Union Organizing Drives, 1999–2004

In this article, we attempt to resolve the tension between two conflicting views on the role of specialization in workers� careers. Some scholars argue that specialization is a net benefit that allows workers to get ahead, while others argue that broad experience across several domains is the only way to be truly exceptional. We use rich longitudinal data from 1974 to 2008 on the careers of Indian Administrative Service officers, members of the Republic of India�s elite bureaucratic service, to test both these hypotheses. We find that specialization benefits officers throughout their career. We distinguish between skill-based and signal-based mechanisms that relate specialization to promotion, by exploring the match (or lack thereof) between the skills officers acquire and the jobs to which they are promoted, and we find that both mechanisms operate, but at different points in the career. Specialization is rewarded later in officers� careers because of the skills they acquire by specializing. Earlier in their careers, skills are less important; it appears that specialization benefits officers because it is a signal of general ability. These results contradict studies that find that specialization helps early in careers but fades with experience, but they also call into question the idea that specialization always reflects accumulated skill. Our results support both types of theories but suggest important scope conditions for when one mechanism or the other is likely to dominate.

Specialization and Career Dynamics Evidence from the Indian Administrative Service

Racial segregation between U.S. workplaces is greater today than it was a generation ago. This increase happened alongside declines in within-establishment occupational segregation, on which most p...

/pdf/firm-turnover-and-the-return-of-racial-establishment-4ywiwwuonq.pdf

Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation

Many say that while the ILO ably sets international labor standards and monitors compliance with them, it "has no teeth." However, when trade unions and human rights NGOs petition the US government to declare certain developing countries that violate workers' rights to be ineligible for benefits through the GSP and OPEC programs, incremental progress can be made in reducing those violations. Six country cases: Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Korea, and Swaziland show how, in this effective confluence of forces, the unions and NGOs provide the "eyes and ears," the ILO provides the "brains," and US trade legislation provides the "teeth."

An Effective Confluence of Forces in Support of Workers' Rights: ILO Standards, US Trade Laws, Unions, and NGOs

Women engage in less commercial patenting and invention than do men, which may affect what is invented. Using text analysis of all U.S. biomedical patents filed from 1976 through 2010, we found that patents with all-female inventor teams are 35% more likely than all-male teams to focus on women's health. This effect holds over decades and across research areas. We also found that female researchers are more likely to discover female-focused ideas. These findings suggest that the inventor gender gap is partially responsible for thousands of missing female-focused inventions since 1976. More generally, our findings suggest that who benefits from innovation depends on who gets to invent.

/pdf/who-do-we-invent-for-patents-by-women-focus-more-on-women-s-3ox1wflcnj.pdf

John-Paul Ferguson

Papers

The Eyes of the Needles: A Sequential Model of Union Organizing Drives, 1999–2004

Specialization and Career Dynamics Evidence from the Indian Administrative Service

Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation

An Effective Confluence of Forces in Support of Workers' Rights: ILO Standards, US Trade Laws, Unions, and NGOs

Who do we invent for? Patents by women focus more on women's health, but few women get to invent.