This article offers objectification theory as a framework for understanding the experiential consequences of being female in a culture that sexually objectifies the female body. Objectification the...

Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks:

The measurement of meaning

Various authors have noted that interethnic group and intraethnic group racism are significant stressors for many African Americans. As such, intergroup and intragroup racism may play a role in the high rates of morbidity and mortality in this population. Yet, although scientific examinations of the effects of stress have proliferated, few researchers have explored the psychological, social, and physiological effects of perceived racism among African Americans. The purpose of this article was to outline a biopsychosocial model for perceived racism as a guide for future research. The first section of this article provides a brief overview of how racism has been conceptualized in the scientific literature. The second section reviews research exploring the existence of intergroup and intragroup racism. A contextual model for systematic studies of the biopsychosocial effects of perceived racism is then presented, along with recommendations for future research.

Racism as a stressor for African Americans. A biopsychosocial model

Why People Die by Suicide

Background: Previous studies have identified significant variability in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence estimates worldwide, largely explained by methodological procedures. However, increasing rates of ADHD diagnosis and treatment throughout the past few decades have fuelled concerns about whether the true prevalence of the disorder has increased over time. Methods: We updated the two most comprehensive systematic reviews on ADHD prevalence available in the literature. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of year of study in the context of both methodological variables that determined variability in ADHD prevalence (diagnostic criteria, impairment criterion and source of information), and the geographical location of studies. Results: We identified 154 original studies and included 135 in the multivariate analysis. Methodological procedures investigated were significantly associated with heterogeneity of studies. Geographical location and year of study were not associated with variability in ADHD prevalence estimates. Conclusions: Confirming previous findings, variability in ADHD prevalence estimates is mostly explained by methodological characteristics of the studies. In the past three decades, there has been no evidence to suggest an increase in the number of children in the community who meet criteria for ADHD when standardized diagnostic procedures are followed.

ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis

This study analyzed 40 Music Television (MTV) music videos across gender role based content categories. Videos were rated at 30-second intervals by four trained raters using a consensus model. Results included the following: (a) men appeared nearly twice as often as women; (b) men engaged in significantly more aggressive and dominant behavior; (c) women engaged in significantly more implicitly sexual and subservient behavior; and (d) women were more frequently the object of explicit, implicit, and aggressive sexual advances. Overall, MTV video content primarily included implicit sexuality, objectification, dominance, and implicit aggression. Implications of these findings with respect to sex role stereotyping and the development of negative attitudes toward women were discussed.

What's happening on Music Television? A gender role content analysis

Preface. Contributors. Chapter 1. Introduction to Psychotherapy and Counseling Theory and Technique. Chapter 2. Psychoanalytic, Brief Analytic, Object Relations, and Interpersonal Approaches. Chapter 3. Individual Psychology: The Therapeutic Approach of Alfred Adler. Chapter 4. Jung and the Practice of Analytical Psychotherapy. Chapter 5. Existential Theory and Therapy. Chapter 6. Carl Rogers: Person-Centered Theory and Therapy. Chapter 7. Behavioral Theory and Therapy. Chapter 8. Cognitive Theory and Therapy. Chapter 9. Choice Theory and The New Reality Therapy. Chapter 10. Feminist Theory and Therapy. Chapter 11. Constructivist Theory and Therapy. Chapter 12. Multicultural and Non-Western Theories. Chapter 13. Integrative Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy. References. Author Index. Sbject Index. About the Authors.

Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques

This study’s purpose was to evaluate athlete willingness to seek help from various sport-titled and non sport-titled individuals when confronted with three common sport performance problem scenarios: midseason slump, return from serious injury, and desire to perform more optimally. Athlete intervention preferences were also assessed. Data were collected on a stratified (by gender) random sample of 60 NCAA Division I athletes. Using an observable one-point difference on a nine-point Likert-type scale and a corresponding moderate to large main effect (Cohen’s d < .40), results indicated that for all scenarios, athletes preferred seeking help from a coach over sport-titled professionals, whereas sport-titled professionals were preferred over counselors and clinical psychologists. Goal setting and imagery were the preferred interventions. Hypnosis and medication were less preferred. The discussion focuses on sport-related professional titles and athlete education to enhance service acceptability.

Student-Athlete Preferences in Seeking Help When Confronted with Sport Performance Problems

This paper reviews the recent evidence (1979 to 1986) from investigations of whether there is a link between psychosocial variables and elevations in blood pressure. Forty-eight empirical studies are summarized, discussed, and contrasted with reviews and methodological criticisms of past investigations. Strong support is found for an association between hypertension and such psychosocial factors as the identification and expression of anger, the use of inhibiting defense mechanisms (i.e., denial and repression), and interpersonal anxiety. Even when criticisms of the older literature are taken into account, the current findings show surprising continuity with past theoretical statements about the hypertensive personality.

John Sommers-Flanagan

Papers

What's happening on Music Television? A gender role content analysis

Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques

Student-Athlete Preferences in Seeking Help When Confronted with Sport Performance Problems

Psychosocial variables and hypertension: a new look at an old controversy.

Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice